Cueing und Biofeedback: Kompensationsstrategien von Patienten mit Parkinson-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung

Bewegungen von Patienten mit Parkinson-Erkrankung sind durch einen mangelnden Automatisierungsgrad eingeschränkt. Das liegt an einem Defizit im basalganglio-thalamokortikalen System, welches vornehmlich beim Generieren von Bewegungen involviert ist. Um das Basalgangliensystem zu umgehen, wird das zerebello-thalamokortikale System verstärkt genutzt. Als Konsequenz profitieren Patienten mit Parkinson von kompensatorischen Strategien. Zwei wichtige Strategien in diesem Zusammenhang sind externe Schrittmacher (oft auch als Cueing bezeichnet) und Biofeedback. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die zugrunde liegenden Mechanismen und potenzielle Trainingseffekte dieser beiden Strategien in der Rehabilitation von Patienten mit Parkinson. Außerdem beschreiben die Autoren neue Technologien, die eine effiziente Integration von externen Schrittmachern und Biofeedback in die klinische Rehabilitation und für zu Hause erleichtern könnten.

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