Barrett-Neoplasie: Wo liegt eigentlich das Problem?

Zusammenfassung

Die Barrett-Schleimhaut ist charakterisiert durch einen metaplastischen Schleimhautersatz des Plattenepithels im distalen Ösophagus durch Zylinderepithel und geht mit einem erhöhten Risiko einer Karzinomentstehung einher. Bis heute gibt es keine weltweit einheitliche Definition der Erkrankung. Ebenso uneinheitlich ist die Abgrenzung einer niedriggradigen Dysplasie/intraepithelialen Neoplasie von einer hochgradigen Dysplasie/intraepithelialen Neoplasie. Die vorliegende Arbeit versucht, aus morphologischer Sicht Hilfestellungen für eine einheitliche und korrekte Diagnosestellung zu geben, diskutiert die Möglichkeiten der endoskopischen Diagnostik und beschreibt die aktuellen Biomarker der Barrett-Schleimhaut.

Abstract

The Barrett mucosa is characterised by metaplastic transformation in the distal oesophagus from squamous epithelium into columnar-lined cells and shows an increased risk for progression into adenocarcinoma. Up to date an international definition of Barrettʼs oesophagus is still lacking and it is also difficult to separate low-grade dysplasia/intraepithelial neoplasia from high-grade dysplasia/intraepithelial neoplasia. The present review describes the criteria for the histological diagnosis, discusses the possibilities of endoscopic diagnosis and highlights the biomarkers of the Barrett mucosa.

Schlüsselwörter

Barrett-Neoplasie - Dysplasie - intraepitheliale Neoplasie - Diagnose - Endoskopie

Key words

Barrettʼs neoplasia - dysplasia - intraepithelial neoplasia - diagnosis - endoscopy

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