Speicheldrüsenerkrankungen im Kindesalter

Zusammenfassung

Speicheldrüsenerkrankungen im Kindesalter sind, abgesehen von den viral induzierten Erkrankungen, insgesamt gesehen eher selten. Dennoch ist es für den HNO-Arzt unerlässlich, auch diese seltenen Erkrankungen bei Kindern und Heranwachsenden zu erkennen und zu diagnostizieren, um dann auch die richtigen therapeutischen Schritte einzuleiten. Die hier vorliegende Arbeit gibt einen Überblick über das gesamte Spektrum der angeborenen und erworbenen Erkrankungen der Speicheldrüsen im Kindes- und Jugendalter. Es wurde dabei, soweit möglich, die aktuelle Literatur zu den einzelnen Themenkomplexen ausgewertet und für den Leser in den wichtigsten Fakten zusammengefasst. Es konnten neben angeborenen Erkrankungen der Speicheldrüsen die wichtigsten Ätiologien für virale und bakterielle Entzündungen, Autoimmunerkrankungen und auch die Tumoren der Speicheldrüsen in diesem Lebensalter berücksichtigt werden. Neben den bekannten Fakten werden auch neue Entwicklungen in der Diagnostik, Bildgebung und der Therapie, einschließlich der Sialendoskopie, bei den obstruktiven Erkrankungen und der chronisch rezidivierenden juvenilen Sialadenitis berücksichtigt. Auch auf mögliche systemische Ursachen von Speicheldrüsenschwellungen und auf die Behandlung der Sialorrhoe wird eingegangen. Auch wenn die Erkrankungen der Speicheldrüsen im Kindesalter meist im Spektrum der Pathologie des Erwachsenen enthalten sind, unterscheiden sie sich doch in ihrer Häufigkeit und gelegentlich auch ihrer Symptomatik. Darüber hinaus werden bei der Diagnostik und insbesondere bei der operativen Therapie von Speicheldrüsenerkrankungen weniger invasive und auch strengere Indikationen gestellt. Aufgrund der Seltenheit von Tumoren der Speicheldrüsen ist es auf jeden Fall zu empfehlen, diese in Zentren mit größerer chirurgischer Erfahrung zu therapieren.

Von entscheidender Bedeutung ist dennoch die Kenntnis der differenzial-diagnostischen Möglichkeiten im Kindesalter, auch in der HNO-Praxis, um eine adäquate Therapie einzuleiten.

Abstract

Salivary Gland Diseases in Childhood

Salivary gland diseases in children are rare, apart from viral-­induced diseases. Nevertheless, it is essential for the otolaryngologist to recognize these uncommon findings in children and adolescents and to diagnose and initiate the proper treatment.

The present work provides an overview of the entire spectrum of congenital and acquired diseases of the salivary glands in childhood and adolescence. The current literature was reviewed and the results discussed and summarized.

Besides congenital diseases of the salivary glands in children, the main etiologies of viral and bacterial infections, autoimmune diseases and tumors of the salivary glands were considered. In addition to the known facts, new developments in diagnostics, imaging and therapy, including sialendoscopy in obstructive diseases and chronic recurrent juvenile sialadenitis were taken into account. In addition, systemic causes of salivary gland swelling and the treatment of sialorrhoea were discussed. Although salivary gland diseases in children are usually included in the pathology of the adult, they differ in their incidence and some­times in their symptoms. Clinical diagnostics and especially the surgical treatment are influenced by a stringent indications and a less invasive strategy. Due to the rarity of tumors of the salivary glands in children, it is recommended to treat them in a specialized center with greater surgical experience.

Altogether the knowledge of the differential diagnoses in salivary gland diseases in children is important for otolaryngologists, to indicate the proper therapeutic approach.

Schlüsselwörter

Speicheldrüsen - Kinder - Entzündungen - Tumoren - Therapie

Key words

salivary glands - children - inflammation - tumors - therapy

Publication History

Publication Date:
07 April 2014 (online)

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