Animal Hoarding: eine psychische Störung mit Implikationen für die Öffentliche Gesundheit

Zusammenfassung

Animal Hoarding (AH) ist eine psychische Störung, die durch eine übermäßige Zahl von gehaltenen Tieren, die Unfähigkeit, minimale Standards der Tierpflege und Hygiene aufrechtzuerhalten, und fehlende Einsicht in die entstehenden Defizite charakterisiert ist. Obwohl AH als Störungsbegriff weder im DSM-5 noch im ICD-10 repräsentiert ist, lässt es sich als Unterform der im DSM-5 bei den Zwangsstörungen neu aufgenommenen Hoarding Disorder (DSM-5 300.3) klassifizieren. Infolge der hygienischen Defizite der Wohnräume und der mangelhaften Tierhaltung besteht ein erhöhtes Risiko für Tierseuchen und Zoonosen. Gezielte epidemiologische Studien fehlen gegenwärtig, doch scheinen Frauen häufiger betroffen zu ein. AH wird meist erst im späten Erwachsenenalter diagnostiziert. Neben einer sorgfältigen somatischen und psychiatrischen Diagnostik ist meist eine Kooperation mit den Veterinärämtern und Behörden notwendig. Komorbide psychische Störungen (insbesondere depressive, Zwangs- und Persönlichkeitsstörungen) sind häufig. Aktuell sind keine evidenz-basierten Therapien verfügbar. Soziotherapeutische und kognitiv-behaviorale psychotherapeutische Maßnahmen sowie die adäquate Behandlung von komorbiden psychischen Störungen werden empfohlen.

Abstract

Animal hoarding (AH) is a mental disorder that is characterised by an excessive number of kept animals, inability to maintain minimal standards of animal care and hygiene, and deficient insight into the thereby developing failures and problems. Although AH as a disease concept is neither represented in the DSM-5 nor the ICD-10, it may be classified as a subform of the hoarding disorder (DSM-5 300.3) that was implemented in the DSM-5 as an obsessive-compulsive disorder. Due to the hygienic deficiencies of the living spaces and the insufficient keeping of animals there is an increased risk of epizootic diseases and zoonoses. Specific epidemiological studies do not exist, however, women seem to be affected more frequently. AH is diagnosed mostly in late adulthood. Besides thorough somatic and psychiatric medical diagnostics, cooperation with the veterinary offices and authorities is usually necessary. Comorbid mental disorders (particularly depressive, obsessive-compulsive and personality disorders) are frequent. Currently, no evidence-based therapies exist. Social therapy and cognitive-behavioural psychotherapeutic interventions as well as sufficient treatment of comorbid mental disorders are recommended.

Schlüsselwörter

DSM-5 - hoarding disorder - Impulskontrollstörung - Zwangsstörung

Key words

DSM-5 - hoarding disorder - impulse control disorder - obsessive-compulsive disorder

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