Aurantio-Obtusin Stimulates Chemotactic Migration and Differentiation of MC3T3-E1
                    Osteoblast Cells

Chethala N. Vishnuprasad; Tomoko Tsuchiya; Shiro Kanegasaki; Joon Ho Kim; Sung Soo Han

doi:10.1055/s-0034-1368445

Planta Medica, Table of Contents

Planta Med 2014; 80(07): 544-549
DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1368445

Biological and Pharmacological Activity

Original Papers

Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Aurantio-Obtusin Stimulates Chemotactic Migration and Differentiation of MC3T3-E1 Osteoblast Cells

Chethala N. Vishnuprasad

¹Department of Nano, Medical and Polymer Materials, College of Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea

,

Tomoko Tsuchiya

²YU-ECI Research Center for Medical Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea

³Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea

,

Shiro Kanegasaki

¹Department of Nano, Medical and Polymer Materials, College of Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea

²YU-ECI Research Center for Medical Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea

,

Joon Ho Kim

¹Department of Nano, Medical and Polymer Materials, College of Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea

,

Sung Soo Han

¹Department of Nano, Medical and Polymer Materials, College of Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea

²YU-ECI Research Center for Medical Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea

› Author Affiliations

Abstract

Osteoporosis is one of the major metabolic bone diseases and is among the most challenging noncommunicable diseases to treat. Although there is an increasing interest in identifying bioactive molecules for the prevention and management of osteoporosis, such studies principally focus only on differentiation and mineralization of osteoblasts or inhibition of osteoclast activity. Stimulation of osteoblast migration must be a promising osteoanabolic strategy for improved metabolic bone disease therapy. In this study, we show that an anthraquinone derivative, aurantio-obtusin, stimulated chemotactic migration of MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The use of a real-time chemotaxis analyzing system, TAXIScan, facilitated the evaluation of both velocity and directionality of osteoblast migration in response to the compound. Besides migration, the compound stimulated osteoblast differentiation and mineralization. Taken together, the data presented in this paper demonstrate that aurantio-obtusin is a promising osteoanabolic compound of natural origin with potential therapeutic applications in the prevention of osteoporosis and other metabolic bone diseases.

Key words

aurantio-obtusin - TAXIScan - chemotaxis - osteoblast migration - differentiation - mineralization

Full Text

References

References
1 Proff P, Romer P. The molecular mechanism behind bone remodelling: a review. Clin Oral Investig 2009; 13: 355-362
2 Handa R, Ali Kalla A, Maalouf G. Osteoporosis in developing countries. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2008; 22: 693-708
3 Holroyd C, Cooper C, Dennison E. Epidemiology of osteoporosis. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008; 22: 671-685
4 Lane NE. Epidemiology, etiology, and diagnosis of osteoporosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2006; 194: S3-S11
5 International Osteoporosis Foundation. Facts and statistics. Available at. http://www.iofbonehealth.org/facts-statistics Accessed on March 26, 2014
6 Shan PF, Xian CJ, Li M, Xiang GD, Yuan LQ. Osteoporosis. Int J Endocrinol 2013; 2013: 2
7 Warriner AH, Saag KG. Osteoporosis diagnosis and medical treatment. Orthop Clin North Am 2013; 44: 125-135
8 Mitchell BD, Streeten EA. Clinical impact of recent genetic discoveries in osteoporosis. Appl Clin Genet 2013; 6: 75-85
9 Richards JB, Zheng HF, Spector TD. Genetics of osteoporosis from genome-wide association studies: advances and challenges. Nat Rev Genet 2012; 13: 576-588
10 Das S, Crockett JC. Osteoporosis – a current view of pharmacological prevention and treatment. Drug Des Devel Ther 2013; 7: 435-448
11 Rachner TD, Khosla S, Hofbauer LC. Osteoporosis: now and the future. Lancet 2011; 377: 1276-1287
12 Baron R, Hesse E. Update on bone anabolics in osteoporosis treatment: rationale, current status, and perspectives. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012; 97: 311-325
13 Beamer B, Hettrich C, Lane J. Vascular endothelial growth factor: an essential component of angiogenesis and fracture healing. HSS J 2010; 6: 85-94
14 Hadjidakis DJ, Androulakis II. Bone remodeling. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006; 1092: 385-396
15 Putnam SE, Scutt AM, Bicknell K, Priestley CM, Williamson EM. Natural products as alternative treatments for metabolic bone disorders and for maintenance of bone health. Phytother Res 2007; 21: 99-112
16 Rayalam S, Yang JY, Della-Fera MA, Baile CA. Novel molecular targets for prevention of obesity and osteoporosis. J Nutr Biochem 2011; 22: 1099-1104
17 Srivastava K, Tyagi AM, Khan K, Dixit M, Lahiri S, Kumar A, Changkija B, Khan MP, Nagar GK, Yadav DK, Maurya R, Singh SP, Jain GK, Wahajuddin. Trivedi R, Chattopadhyay N, Singh D. Isoformononetin, a methoxydaidzein present in medicinal plants, reverses bone loss in osteopenic rats and exerts bone anabolic action by preventing osteoblast apoptosis. Phytomedicine 2013; 20: 470-480
18 Ha H, Shim KS, An H, Kim T, Ma JY. Water extract of Spatholobus suberectus inhibits osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption. BMC Complement Altern Med 2013; 13: 112-120
19 Tiyasatkulkovit W, Charoenphandhu N, Wongdee K, Thongbunchoo J, Krishnamra N, Malaivijitnond S. Upregulation of osteoblastic differentiation marker mRNA expression in osteoblast-like UMR106 cells by puerarin and phytoestrogens from Pueraria mirifica . Phytomedicine 2012; 19: 1147-1155
20 Dirckx N, Van Hul M, Maes C. Osteoblast recruitment to sites of bone formation in skeletal development, homeostasis, and regeneration. Birth Defects Res C Embryo Today 2013; 99: 170-191
21 Kanegasaki S, Nomura Y, Nitta N, Akiyama S, Tamatani T, Goshoh Y, Yoshida T, Sato T, Kikuchi Y. A novel optical assay system for the quantitative measurement of chemotaxis. J Immunol Methods 2003; 282: 1-11
22 Nitta N, Tsuchiya T, Yamauchi A, Tamatani T, Kanegasaki S. Quantitative analysis of eosinophil chemotaxis tracked using a novel optical device – TAXIScan. J Immunol Methods 2007; 320: 155-163
23 Yamauchi A, Degawa-Yamauchi M, Kuribayashi F, Kanegasaki S, Tsuchiya T. Systematic single cell analysis of migration and morphological changes of human neutrophils over stimulus concentration gradients. J Immunol Methods 2014; 404: 59-70
24 Xu L, Chan CO, Lau CC, Yu Z, Mok DK, Chen S. Simultaneous determination of eight anthraquinones in Semen Cassiae by HPLC-DAD. Phytochem Anal 2012; 23: 110-116
25 Zhang C, Wang R, Liu B, Tu G. Structure elucidation of a sodium salified anthraquinone from the seeds of Cassia obtusifolia by NMR technique assisted with acid-alkali titration. Magn Reson Chem 2011; 49: 529-532
26 Diao YL, Wang RF, Zhang C, Chen JX, Liu B. A new comprehensive procedure for the quality control of Semen Cassiae and its application in evaluating commercially available material in China. Chin J Nat Med 2013; 11: 433-441
27 Ju MS, Kim HG, Choi JG, Ryu JH, Hur J, Kim YJ, Oh MS. Cassiae semen, a seed of Cassia obtusifolia, has neuroprotective effects in Parkinsonʼs disease models. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48: 2037-2044
28 Kim DH, Kim S, Jung WY, Park SJ, Park DH, Kim JM, Cheong JH, Ryu JH. The neuroprotective effects of the seeds of Cassia obtusifolia on transient cerebral global ischemia in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2009; 47: 1473-1479
29 Kitanaka S, Nakayama T, Shibano T, Ohkoshi E, Takido M. Antiallergic agent from natural sources. Structures and inhibitory effect of histamine release of naphthopyrone glycosides from seeds of Cassia obtusifolia L. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 1998; 46: 1650-1652
30 Grey A, Reid IR. Emerging and potential therapies for osteoporosis. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2005; 14: 265-278
31 Lewiecki EM. Combination therapy: the Holy Grail for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis?. Curr Med Res Opin 2011; 27: 1493-1497
32 Lamers E, van Horssen R, te Riet J, van Delft FC, Luttge R, Walboomers XF, Jansen JA. The influence of nanoscale topographical cues on initial osteoblast morphology and migration. Eur Cell Mater 2010; 20: 329-343
33 Pagani F, Francucci CM, Moro L. Markers of bone turnover: biochemical and clinical perspectives. J Endocrinol Invest 2005; 28: 8-13
34 Hoemann CD, El-Gabalawy H, McKee MD. In vitro osteogenesis assays: influence of the primary cell source on alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralization. Pathol Biol (Paris) 2009; 57: 318-323
35 Hengartner NE, Fiedler J, Ignatius A, Brenner RE. IL-1beta inhibits human osteoblast migration. Mol Med 2013; 19: 36-42
36 Nakasaki M, Yoshioka K, Miyamoto Y, Sasaki T, Yoshikawa H, Itoh K. IGF-I secreted by osteoblasts acts as a potent chemotactic factor for osteoblasts. Bone 2008; 43: 869-879
37 Dimitriou R, Tsiridis E, Giannoudis PV. Current concepts of molecular aspects of bone healing. Injury 2005; 36: 1392-1404
38 Giannoudis PV, Einhorn TA, Marsh D. Fracture healing: the diamond concept. Injury 2007; 38: 3-6
39 Nam TW, Yoo CI, Kim HT, Kwon CH, Park JY, Kim YK. The flavonoid quercetin induces apoptosis and inhibits migration through a MAPK-dependent mechanism in osteoblasts. J Bone Miner Metab 2008; 26: 551-560
40 Phan TT, Hughes MA, Cherry GW. Effects of an aqueous extract from the leaves of Chromolaena odorata (Eupolin) on the proliferation of human keratinocytes and on their migration in an in vitro model of reepithelialization. Wound Repair Regen 2001; 9: 305-313
41 Zhang Q, Fong CC, Yu WK, Chen Y, Wei F, Koon CM, Lau KM, Leung PC, Lau CB, Fung KP, Yang M. Herbal formula Astragali radix and Rehmanniae radix exerted wound healing effect on human skin fibroblast cell line Hs27 via the activation of transformation growth factor (TGF-β) pathway and promoting extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. Phytomedicine 2012; 20: 9-16
42 Kim H, Kim J, Park J, Kim SH, Uchida Y, Holleran WM, Cho Y. Water extract of gromwell (Lithospermum erythrorhizon) enhances migration of human keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts with increased lipid synthesis in an in vitro wound scratch model. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2012; 25: 57-64