Acute Post-Exercise Oxygen Uptake, Hormone and Plasma Metabolite Response in Obese Men

Abstract

This study aimed to compare oxygen uptake (  V˙O₂), hormone and plasma metabolite responses during the 30 min after submaximal incremental exercise (Incr) performed at the same relative/absolute exercise intensity and duration in lean (L) and obese (O) men. Eight L and 8 O men (BMI: 22.9±0.4; 37.2±1.8 kg · m⁻²) completed Incr and were then seated for 30 min.   V˙O₂ was monitored during the first 10 min and from the 25–30^th minutes of recovery. Blood samples were drawn for the determination of hormone (catecholamines, insulin) and plasma metabolite (NEFA, glycerol) concentrations. Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) magnitude during the first 10 min was similar in O and in L (3.5±0.4; 3.4±0.3 liters, respectively, p=0.86). When normalized to percent change (  V˙O_2END=100%), %   V˙O_2END during recovery was significantly higher from 90–120 s in O than in L (p≤0.04). There were no significant differences in catecholamines (p≥0.24), whereas insulin was significantly higher in O than in L during recovery (p=0.01). The time-course of glycerol was similar from 10–30 min of recovery (−42% for L; –41% for O, p=0.85), whereas significantly different patterns of NEFA were found from 10–30 min of recovery between groups (−18% for L; +8% for O, p=0.03). Despite similar EPOC, a difference in   V˙O₂ modulation between groups was observed, likely due to faster initial rates of   V˙O₂ decline in L than in O. The different patterns of NEFA between groups may suggest a lower NEFA reesterification during recovery in O, which was not involved in the rapid EPOC component.

Key words

energy expenditure - physical activity - weight management - indirect calorimetry

• References

• 1 Borsheim E, Bahr R. Effect of exercise intensity, duration and mode on post-exercise oxygen consumption. Sports Med 2003; 33: 1037-1060
• 2 Gore CJ, Withers RT. Effect of exercise intensity and duration on postexercise metabolism. J Appl Physiol 1990; 68: 2362-2368
• 3 LaForgia J, Withers RT, Gore CJ. Effects of exercise intensity and duration on the excess post-exercise oxygen consumption. J Sports Sci 2006; 24: 1247-1264
• 4 Larsen I, Welde B, Martins C, Tjonna AE. High- and moderate-intensity aerobic exercise and excess post-exercise oxygen consumption in men with metabolic syndrome. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2013
• 5 Chad KE, Quigley BM. Exercise intensity: effect on postexercise O2 uptake in trained and untrained women. J Appl Physiol 1991; 70: 1713-1719
• 6 Frey GC, Byrnes WC, Mazzeo RS. Factors influencing excess postexercise oxygen consumption in trained and untrained women. Metabolism 1993; 42: 822-828
• 7 Short KR, Sedlock DA. Excess postexercise oxygen consumption and recovery rate in trained and untrained subjects. J Appl Physiol 1997; 83: 153-159
• 8 Wong T, Harber V. Lower excess postexercise oxygen consumption and altered growth hormone and cortisol responses to exercise in obese men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006; 91: 678-686
• 9 Gustafson AB, Farrell PA, Kalkhoff RK. Impaired plasma catecholamine response to submaximal treadmill exercise in obese women. Metabolism 1990; 39: 410-417
• 10 Borsheim E, Lonnroth P, Knardahl S, Jansson PA. No difference in the lipolytic response to beta-adrenoceptor stimulation in situ but a delayed increase in adipose tissue blood flow in moderately obese compared with lean men in the postexercise period. Metabolism 2000; 49: 579-587
• 11 Vettor R, Macor C, Rossi E, Piemonte G, Federspil G. Impaired counterregulatory hormonal and metabolic response to exhaustive exercise in obese subjects. Acta Diabetol 1997; 34: 61-66
• 12 World Health Organisation . Definition and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and intermediate hyperglycemia: report of a WHO/IDF. Consultation 2006; 1-50
• 13 Matthews DR, Hosker JP, Rudenski AS, Naylor BA, Treacher DF, Turner RC. Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia 1985; 28: 412-419
• 14 Lukaski HC, Bolonchuk WW, Hall CB, Siders WA. Validation of tetrapolar bioelectrical impedance method to assess human body composition. J Appl Physiol 1986; 60: 1327-1332
• 15 Piccoli A, Brunani A, Savia G, Pillon L, Favaro E, Berselli ME, Cavagnini F. Discriminating between body fat and fluid changes in the obese adult using bioimpedance vector analysis. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1998; 22: 97-104
• 16 Baumgartner RN, Ross R, Heymsfield SB. Does adipose tissue influence bioelectric impedance in obese men and women?. J Appl Physiol 1998; 84: 257-262
• 17 Perez-Martin A, Dumortier M, Raynaud E, Brun JF, Fedou C, Bringer J, Mercier J. Balance of substrate oxidation during submaximal exercise in lean and obese people. Diabetes Metab 2001; 27: 466-474
• 18 Billat VL, Mille-Hamard L, Demarle A, Koralsztein JP. Effect of training in humans on off- and on-transient oxygen uptake kinetics after severe exhausting intensity runs. Eur J Appl Physiol 2002; 87: 496-505
• 19 Ozyener F, Rossiter HB, Ward SA, Whipp BJ. Influence of exercise intensity on the on- and off-transient kinetics of pulmonary oxygen uptake in humans. J Physiol 2001; 533: 891-902
• 20 Frayn KN. Calculation of substrate oxidation rates in vivo from gaseous exchange. J Appl Physiol 1983; 55: 628-634
• 21 Lafontan M, Langin D. Lipolysis and lipid mobilization in human adipose tissue. Prog Lipid Res 2009; 48: 275-297
• 22 Brehm BA, Gutin B. Recovery energy expenditure for steady state exercise in runners and nonexercisers. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1986; 18: 205-210
• 23 Sedlock DA. Fitness level and postexercise energy expenditure. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 1994; 34: 336-342
• 24 Sedlock DA, Lee MG, Flynn MG, Park KS, Kamimori GH. Excess postexercise oxygen consumption after aerobic exercise training. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2010; 20: 336-349
• 25 Fukuoka Y, Grassi B, Conti M, Guiducci D, Sutti M, Marconi C, Cerretelli P. Early effects of exercise training on on- and off-kinetics in 50-year-old subjects. Pflugers Arch 2002; 443: 690-697
• 26 Hagberg JM, Hickson RC, Ehsani AA, Holloszy JO. Faster adjustment to and recovery from submaximal exercise in the trained state. J Appl Physiol 1980; 48: 218-224
• 27 Webber J, Macdonald IA. Metabolic actions of catecholamines in man. Baillieres Clin Endocrinol Metab 1993; 7: 393-413
• 28 Bahr R, Hostmark AT, Newsholme EA, Gronnerod O, Sejersted OM. Effect of exercise on recovery changes in plasma levels of FFA, glycerol, glucose and catecholamines. Acta Physiol Scand 1991; 143: 105-115
• 29 Mulla NA, Simonsen L, Bulow J. Post-exercise adipose tissue and skeletal muscle lipid metabolism in humans: the effects of exercise intensity. J Physiol 2000; 524 (Pt 3) 919-928
• 30 Wolfe RR, Klein S, Carraro F, Weber JM. Role of triglyceride-fatty acid cycle in controlling fat metabolism in humans during and after exercise. Am J Physiol 1990; 258: E382-E389
• 31 Lafontan M, Moro C, Berlan M, Crampes F, Sengenes C, Galitzky J. Control of lipolysis by natriuretic peptides and cyclic GMP. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2008; 19: 130-137
• 32 Blaak EE, Van Baak MA, Kemerink GJ, Pakbiers MT, Heidendal GA, Saris WH. Beta-adrenergic stimulation of energy expenditure and forearm skeletal muscle metabolism in lean and obese men. Am J Physiol 1994; 267: E306-E315
• 33 Salvadori A, Fanari P, Marzullo P, Codecasa F, Tovaglieri I, Cornacchia M, Brunani A, Luzi L, Longhini E. Short bouts of anaerobic exercise increase non-esterified fatty acids release in obesity. Eur J Nutr 2013;
• 34 Bonen A, Parolin ML, Steinberg GR, Calles-Escandon J, Tandon NN, Glatz JF, Luiken JJ, Heigenhauser GJ, Dyck DJ. Triacylglycerol accumulation in human obesity and type 2 diabetes is associated with increased rates of skeletal muscle fatty acid transport and increased sarcolemmal FAT/CD36. Faseb J 2004; 18: 1144-1146
• 35 LeCheminant JD, Jacobsen DJ, Bailey BW, Mayo MS, Hill JO, Smith BK, Donnelly JE. Effects of long-term aerobic exercise on EPOC. Int J Sports Med 2008; 29: 53-58
• 36 Yoshioka M, Doucet E, St-Pierre S, Almeras N, Richard D, Labrie A, Despres JP, Bouchard C, Tremblay A. Impact of high-intensity exercise on energy expenditure, lipid oxidation and body fatness. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2001; 25: 332-339
• 37 Malatesta D, Werlen C, Bulfaro S, Cheneviere X, Borrani F. Effect of high-intensity interval exercise on lipid oxidation during postexercise recovery. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2009; 41: 364-374
• 38 Bordenave S, Metz L, Flavier S, Lambert K, Ghanassia E, Dupuy AM, Michel F, Puech-Cathala AM, Raynaud E, Brun JF, Mercier J. Training-induced improvement in lipid oxidation in type 2 diabetes mellitus is related to alterations in muscle mitochondrial activity. Effect of endurance training in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab 2008; 34: 162-168
• 39 Venables MC, Jeukendrup AE. Endurance training and obesity: effect on substrate metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2008; 40: 495-502
• 40 Henderson GC, Fattor JA, Horning MA, Faghihnia N, Johnson ML, Mau TL, Luke-Zeitoun M, Brooks GA. Lipolysis and fatty acid metabolism in men and women during the postexercise recovery period. J Physiol 2007; 584: 963-981