Theory of Mind, Prosodieerkennung und Empathie bei sekundär progredienter Multipler Sklerose^[*]

Zusammenfassung

Während Defizite der Aufmerksamkeit, des Gedächtnisses und der Exekutivfunktionen bei Multipler Sklerose (MS) breit beschrieben sind, gibt es wenige Daten zur sozialen Kognition bei MS. Als soziale Kognition bezeichnet man die neuropsychologischen Fähigkeiten der Theory of Mind, der Gesichter- und Prosodieerkennung und der Empathie. Vorherige Studien hatten oft nicht zwischen verschiedenen Schweregraden und Verlaufsformen der MS unterschieden. Nachdem wir bereits in frühen Stadien der schubförmigen MS Defizite der sozialen Kognition zeigen konnten, wurden nun 25 Patienten mit sekundär chronisch progredienter MS mit 25 Kontrollen verglichen. Eine dezidierte Testbatterie der sozialen Kognition wurde angewandt. Es ließen sich breite Defizite der Prosodieerkennung und der Theory of Mind sowie der Exekutivfunktionen feststellen, die Empathie wurde in der Selbsteinschätzung als nicht eingeschränkt angegeben. Konsequenzen dieser Defizite für den Alltag des Patienten und die Arzt-Patienten-Beziehung werden diskutiert.

Abstract

Despite extensive knowledge on cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis, little is known concerning social cognition in secondary progressive MS (SPMS). Social cognition is defined as the neuropsychological abilities of Theory of Mind, perception of face and prosody, and empathy. Earlier studies have failed to distinguish between different grades of severity and different courses the diseases run. We have previously shown that already in the early stages of relapsing remitted MS, mild deficits of social cognition can be identified. In the present study, 25 patients with SPMS were tested regarding their theory of mind, perception of affective prosody and facial expressions, and empathy and were compared to 25 healthy controls. Significant deficits in perception of affective prosody and facial expression, theory of mind and executive functions were found. According to self-reports, empathy was described as being unimpaired. Deficits in social cognition negatively influence daily life of patients and interaction between neurologists and patients.

Schlüsselwörter

soziale Kognition - Theory of Mind - Prosodieerkennung - Empathie - Multiple Sklerose

Keywords

social cognition - theory of mind - perception of affective prosody - empathy - multiple sclerosis

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