Synthesis 2015; 47(17): 2497-2522
DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1378863
review
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York

Stereoselective Reactions in Preparation of Chiral α-Hetera­spiro[m.n]alkanes

Kjell Undheim*
Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway   eMail: kjell.undheim@kjemi.uio.no
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Weitere Informationen

Publikationsverlauf

Received: 05. Mai 2015

Accepted after revision: 23. Juni 2015

Publikationsdatum:
05. August 2015 (online)


Abstract

The biological importance and wide occurrence of spirane systems in nature have stimulated studies in spirane chemistry. The fundamental spirane framework consists of two monocyclic rings linked in an orthogonal relationship by a common ring carbon. This review covers families of annular α-monoheteraspiranes starting with α-heteraspiro[2.4]heptanes and terminating with α-hetera[5.6]dodecanes; the annular heteroatoms are N, O, or S. The spirane systems are arranged according to the relative size of the two monocyclic rings with highest priority for the smaller ring, Often optically active spiranes are prepared for biological reasons by chemical modifications of natural products related to the spirane to be prepared. Chiral auxiliaries are useful in the introduction and control of stereochemistry in the construction of spiranes as intermediates in the preparation of novel amino acids and nucleosides. Another aspect of chiral spirane chemistry concerns modifications and conformational restrictions introduced in natural carbohydrates, nucleosides, and amino acids.

1 Introduction

2 Heteraspira[2.m]alkanes

3 Heteraspira[3.m]alkanes

4 Heteraspira[4.m]alkanes

5 Heteraspira[5.m]alkanes