Synthesis 2015; 47(06): 737-759
DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1379720
review
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York

Carbon–Hydrogen Bond Functionalizations Mediated by Copper

Xiao-hua Cai*
College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guizhou Minzhu University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. of China   Email: caixh1111@163.com
,
Bing Xie
College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guizhou Minzhu University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. of China   Email: caixh1111@163.com
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Received: 15 August 2014

Accepted after revision: 17 September 2014

Publication Date:
17 February 2015 (online)


Abstract

Direct carbon–hydrogen bond functionalization has attracted considerable attention and plays a key role in organic transformations. Currently, copper is showing great potential as a catalyst in C–H bond-functionalization reactions because of its low cost and unique reactivity. This review summarizes the recent advances in copper-catalyzed C–H bond functionalizations from carbon–carbon and carbon–heteroatom (O, N and S) bond-forming reactions through activation of C–H bonds.

1 Introduction

2 Carbon–Carbon Bond Formation

2.1 Csp–H Bond Functionalization

2.2 Csp2–H Bond Functionalization

2.3 Csp3–H Bond Functionalization

3 Carbon–Heteroatom Bond Formation

3.1 Carbon–Oxygen Bond Formation

3.2 Carbon–Nitrogen Bond Formation

3.3 Carbon–Sulfur Bond Formation

4 Conclusion