Kidney Dysfunction and Renal Failure

SUMMARY

In kidney failure the glomerular filtration rate becomes less. The serum creatinine and serum urea levels increase forming haematuria and proteinuria and anasarca. In acute renal failure, oliguria develops. Fluid and electrolyte balance are disturbed in the body. In chronic kidney disease the development of all symptoms is slow. In kidney failure anaemia, hyperproteinaemia, insomnia, parageusia (bad taste in the mouth), seizures and hyperpigmentation are noticed. Azotaemia and uraemia are the last stage symptoms. Haematuria, hyperphosphataemia and dyspnoea are end result symptoms of kidney failure. At last, generalised oedema is formed. There are five stages in kidney failure. The four stages are manageable with conventional medicine. The last one requires kidney transplantation.

Key words

Glomerulus filtration - Dysuria - Proteinuria - AoCKD - Erythrocytopenia - Serum creatinine - Serum urea - Voyeurism - Hyoscyamus niger

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