Download PDF
Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2014; 18(04): 448-462
DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1384833
Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Preoperative Planning and Postoperative Imaging in Shoulder Arthroplasty

Jonelle Petscavage-Thomas
1   Department of Radiology, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
03 September 2014 (online)

Also available at
    Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

The number of shoulder arthroplasties performed in the United States has more than doubled in the last decade. Additionally, there has been a trend toward use of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty and minimally invasive surgical techniques, such as resurfacing humeral head arthroplasty. Thus radiologists will more frequently encounter imaging of shoulder arthroplasty and these new designs. Successful postoperative radiologic evaluation of shoulder reconstructions requires an understanding of their fundamental hardware design, physiologic objective, preoperative imaging assessment, normal postoperative radiologic appearance, and findings and types of complication. This article discusses the designs of prostheses used around the shoulder joint, delineates indications and alternatives for each of the different types of hardware, reviews radiographic and cross-sectional preoperative imaging of shoulder arthroplasty, illustrates normal postoperative imaging findings and measurements, and provides examples of hardware complications.

Keywords

shoulder - arthroplasty - resurfacing - imaging - radiology
 

  • References

  • 1 Kaback LA, Green A, Blaine TA. Glenohumeral arthritis and total shoulder replacement. Med Health R I 2012; 95 (4) 120-124
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Kim SH, Wise BL, Zhang Y, Szabo RM. Increasing incidence of shoulder arthroplasty in the United States. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2011; 93 (24) 2249-2254
    Google Scholar
  • 3 Merolla G, Nastrucci G, Porcellini G. Shoulder arthroplasty in osteoarthritis: current concepts in biomechanics and surgical technique. Transl Med UniSa 2013; 6: 16-28
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Raymond AC, McCann PA, Sarangi PP. Magnetic resonance scanning vs axillary radiography in the assessment of glenoid version for osteoarthritis. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2013; 22 (8) 1078-1083
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Sabesan V, Callanan M, Ho J, Iannotti JP. Clinical and radiographic outcomes of total shoulder arthroplasty with bone graft for osteoarthritis with severe glenoid bone loss. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2013; 95 (14) 1290-1296
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Keller J, Bak S, Bigliani LU, Levine WN. Glenoid replacement in total shoulder arthroplasty. Orthopedics 2006; 29 (3) 221-226
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Neyton L, Walch G, Nové-Josserand L, Edwards TB. Glenoid corticocancellous bone grafting after glenoid component removal in the treatment of glenoid loosening. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2006; 15 (2) 173-179
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Walch G, Badet R, Boulahia A, Khoury A. Morphologic study of the glenoid in primary glenohumeral osteoarthritis. J Arthroplasty 1999; 14 (6) 756-760
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Nyffeler RW, Jost B, Pfirrmann CW, Gerber C. Measurement of glenoid version: conventional radiographs versus computed tomography scans. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2003; 12 (5) 493-496
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Friedman RJ, Hawthorne KB, Genez BM. The use of computerized tomography in the measurement of glenoid version. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1992; 74 (7) 1032-1037
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Hoenecke Jr HR, Hermida JC, Flores-Hernandez C, D'Lima DD. Accuracy of CT-based measurements of glenoid version for total shoulder arthroplasty. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2010; 19 (2) 166-171
    Google Scholar
  • 12 Budge MD, Lewis GS, Schaefer E, Coquia S, Flemming DJ, Armstrong AD. Comparison of standard two-dimensional and three-dimensional corrected glenoid version measurements. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2011; 20 (4) 577-583
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Saupe N, Pfirrmann CWA, Schmid MR, Jost B, Werner CM, Zanetti M. Association between rotator cuff abnormalities and reduced acromiohumeral distance. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2006; 187 (2) 376-382
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Norwood LA, Barrack R, Jacobson KE. Clinical presentation of complete tears of the rotator cuff. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1989; 71 (4) 499-505
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Fealy S, Sperling JW, Warren RF, Craig EV. Shoulder Arthroplasty. Complex Issues in the Primary and Revision Setting. New York, NY: Thieme; 2008
    Google Scholar
  • 16 Lugli T. Artificial shoulder joint by Péan (1893): the facts of an exceptional intervention and the prosthetic method. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1978; (133) 215-218
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Neer II CS, Watson KC, Stanton FJ. Recent experience in total shoulder replacement. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1982; 64 (3) 319-337
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Sanchez-Sotelo J. Total shoulder arthroplasty. Open Orthop J 2011; 5: 106-114
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Hacker SA, Boorman RS, Lippitt SB, Matsen 3rd FA. Impaction grafting improves the fit of uncemented humeral arthroplasty. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2003; 12 (5) 431-435
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Wiater JM, Fabing MH. Shoulder arthroplasty: prosthetic options and indications. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2009; 17 (7) 415-425
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Boileau P, Sinnerton RJ, Chuinard C, Walch G. Arthroplasty of the shoulder. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2006; 88 (5) 562-575
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 22 Lazarus MD, Jensen KL, Southworth C, Matsen III FA. The radiographic evaluation of keeled and pegged glenoid component insertion. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2002; 84-A (7) 1174-1182
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 23 Radnay CS, Setter KJ, Chambers L, Levine WN, Bigliani LU, Ahmad CS. Total shoulder replacement compared with humeral head replacement for the treatment of primary glenohumeral osteoarthritis: a systematic review. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2007; 16 (4) 396-402
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 Sperling JW, Cofield RH, Rowland CM. Minimum fifteen-year follow-up of Neer hemiarthroplasty and total shoulder arthroplasty in patients aged fifty years or younger. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2004; 13 (6) 604-613
    Google Scholar
  • 25 Thai DM, Kitagawa Y, Choong PF. Outcome of surgical management of bony metastases to the humerus and shoulder girdle: a retrospective analysis of 93 patients. Int Semin Surg Oncol 2006; 3: 5
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 26 Merolla G, Di Pietto F, Romano S, Paladini P, Campi F, Porcellini G. Radiographic analysis of shoulder anatomical arthroplasty. Eur J Radiol 2008; 68 (1) 159-169
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 27 Sanchez-Sotelo J, Wright TW, O'Driscoll SW, Cofield RH, Rowland CM. Radiographic assessment of uncemented humeral components in total shoulder arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty 2001; 16 (2) 180-187
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 28 Gruen TA, McNeice GM, Amstutz HC. “Modes of failure” of cemented stem-type femoral components: a radiographic analysis of loosening. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1979; (141) 17-27
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 29 Saltzman MD, Marecek GS, Edwards SL, Kalainov DM. Infection after shoulder surgery. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2011; 19 (4) 208-218
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 30 Nagels J, Stokdijk M, Rozing PM. Stress shielding and bone resorption in shoulder arthroplasty. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2003; 12 (1) 35-39
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 31 Athwal GS, Sperling JW, Rispoli DM, Cofield RH. Periprosthetic humeral fractures during shoulder arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2009; 91 (3) 594-603
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 32 Wright TW, Cofield RH. Humeral fractures after shoulder arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1995; 77 (9) 1340-1346
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 33 Ives EP, Nazarian LN, Parker L, Garrigues GE, Williams GR. Subscapularis tendon tears: a common sonographic finding in symptomatic postarthroplasty shoulders. J Clin Ultrasound 2013; 41 (3) 129-133
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 34 Brown TD, Bigliani LU. Complications with humeral head replacement. Orthop Clin North Am 2000; 31 (1) 77-90
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 35 Talbot M, Blanchette D, Turcotte R, Isler M. Functional outcome and instability following oncologic proximal humeral replacement prosthesis. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2008; 90-B (Suppl I ): 55
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 36 Bohsali KI, Wirth MA, Rockwood Jr CA. Complications of total shoulder arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2006; 88 (10) 2279-2292
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 37 Gregory T, Hansen U, Khanna M , et al. A CT scan protocol for the detection of radiographic loosening of the glenoid component after total shoulder arthroplasty. Acta Orthop 2014; 85 (1) 91-96
    Google Scholar
  • 38 Franklin JL, Barrett WP, Jackins SE, Matsen III FA. Glenoid loosening in total shoulder arthroplasty. Association with rotator cuff deficiency. J Arthroplasty 1988; 3 (1) 39-46
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 39 Arnold RM, High RR, Grosshans KT, Walker CW, Fehringer EV. Bone presence between the central peg's radial fins of a partially cemented pegged all poly glenoid component suggest few radiolucencies. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2011; 20 (2) 315-321
    Google Scholar
  • 40 Churchill RS, Zellmer C, Zimmers HJ, Ruggero R. Clinical and radiographic analysis of a partially cemented glenoid implant: five-year minimum follow-up. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2010; 19 (7) 1091-1097
    Google Scholar
  • 41 Baulot E, Garron E, Grammont PM. Grammont prosthesis in humeral head osteonecrosis. Indications—results [in French]. Acta Orthop Belg 1999; 65 (Suppl. 01) 109-115
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 42 Scarlat MM. Complications with reverse total shoulder arthroplasty and recent evolutions. Int Orthop 2013; 37 (5) 843-851
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 43 Jarrett CD, Brown BT, Schmidt CC. Reverse shoulder arthroplasty. Orthop Clin North Am 2013; 44 (3) 389-408 , x
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 44 Grammont P, Trouilloud P, Laffay JP, Deries X. Concept study and realization of a new total shoulder prosthesis. Rhumatologie 1987; 39: 407-418
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 45 Cazeneuve JF, Cristofari DJ. Delta III reverse shoulder arthroplasty: radiological outcome for acute complex fractures of the proximal humerus in elderly patients. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2009; 95 (5) 325-329
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 46 Roberts CC, Ekelund AL, Renfree KJ, Liu PT, Chew FS. Radiologic assessment of reverse shoulder arthroplasty. Radiographics 2007; 27 (1) 223-235
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 47 Harman M, Frankle M, Vasey M, Banks S. Initial glenoid component fixation in “reverse” total shoulder arthroplasty: a biomechanical evaluation. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2005; 14 )1, Suppl S ): 162S-167S
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 48 Virani NA, Cabezas A, Gutiérrez S, Santoni BG, Otto R, Frankle M. Reverse shoulder arthroplasty components and surgical techniques that restore glenohumeral motion. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2013; 22 (2) 179-187
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 49 Sirveaux F, Favard L, Oudet D, Huquet D, Walch G, Molé D. Grammont inverted total shoulder arthroplasty in the treatment of glenohumeral osteoarthritis with massive rupture of the cuff. Results of a multicentre study of 80 shoulders. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2004; 86 (3) 388-395
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 50 Boileau P, Watkinson D, Hatzidakis AM, Hovorka I. Neer Award 2005: The Grammont reverse shoulder prosthesis: results in cuff tear arthritis, fracture sequelae, and revision arthroplasty. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2006; 15 (5) 527-540
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 51 Boileau P, Watkinson DJ, Hatzidakis AM, Balg F. Grammont reverse prosthesis: design, rationale, and biomechanics. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2005; 14 (1, Suppl S ): 147S-161S
    Google Scholar
  • 52 Wahlquist TC, Hunt AF, Braman JP. Acromial base fractures after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: report of five cases. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2011; 20 (7) 1178-1183
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 53 Crosby LA, Hamilton A, Twiss T. Scapula fractures after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: classification and treatment. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2011; 469 (9) 2544-2549
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 54 Walch G, Mottier F, Wall B, Boileau P, Molé D, Favard L. Acromial insufficiency in reverse shoulder arthroplasties. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2009; 18 (3) 495-502
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 55 Farshad M, Gerber C. Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty—from the most to the least common complication. Int Orthop 2010; 34 (8) 1075-1082
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 56 Favard L, Levigne C, Nerot C, Gerber C, De Wilde L, Mole D. Reverse prostheses in arthropathies with cuff tear: are survivorship and function maintained over time?. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2011; 469 (9) 2469-2475
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 57 Nowinski RJ, Gillespie RJ, Shishani Y, Cohen B, Walch G, Gobezie R. Antibiotic-loaded bone cement reduces deep infection rates for primary reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: a retrospective, cohort study of 501 shoulders. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2012; 21 (3) 324-328
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 58 Lädermann A, Lübbeke A, Mélis B , et al. Prevalence of neurologic lesions after total shoulder arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2011; 93 (14) 1288-1293
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 59 Alizadehkhaiyat O, Kyriakos A, Singer MS, Frostick SP. Outcome of Copeland shoulder resurfacing arthroplasty with a 4-year mean follow-up. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2013; 22 (10) 1352-1358
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 60 Copeland SA. Cementless total shoulder replacement. In: Post M, Morrey BF, Hawkins RJ, , eds. Surgery of the Shoulder. St. Louis, MO: Mosby Year Book; 1990: 289-293
    Google Scholar
  • 61 Burgess DL, McGrath MS, Bonutti PM, Marker DR, Delanois RE, Mont MA. Shoulder resurfacing. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2009; 91 (5) 1228-1238
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 62 Widnall JC, Dheerendra SK, Macfarlane RJ, Waseem M. The use of shoulder hemiarthroplasty and humeral head resurfacing: a review of current concepts. Open Orthop J 2013; 7 (Suppl. 03) 334-337
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 63 Thomas SR, Wilson AJ, Chambler A, Harding I, Thomas M. Outcome of Copeland surface replacement shoulder arthroplasty. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2005; 14 (5) 485-491
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 64 Buchner M, Eschbach N, Loew M. Comparison of the short-term functional results after surface replacement and total shoulder arthroplasty for osteoarthritis of the shoulder: a matched-pair analysis. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2008; 128 (4) 347-354
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 65 Levy O, Copeland SA. Cementless surface replacement arthroplasty (Copeland CSRA) for osteoarthritis of the shoulder. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2004; 13 (3) 266-271
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 66 Uribe JW, Botto-van Bemden A. Partial humeral head resurfacing for osteonecrosis. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2009; 18 (5) 711-716
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 67 Scalise JJ, Miniaci A, Iannotti JP. Resurfacing arthroplasty of the humerus: indications, surgical techniques and clinical results. Curr Ortho Pract 2008; 19 (4) 443-450
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 68 Delaney RA, Freehill MT, Higgins LD, Warner JJP. Durability of partial humeral head resurfacing. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2014; 23 (1) e14-e22
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar