Download PDF
Int J Sports Med 2015; 36(04): 327-332
DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1385879
Clinical Sciences
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Importance of Peak Height Velocity Timing in Terms of Injuries in Talented Soccer Players

A. van der Sluis
1   Center for Human Movement Sciences, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
4   Kennispraktijk for Sports, Health and Education, Ede, the Netherlands
,
M. T. Elferink-Gemser
1   Center for Human Movement Sciences, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
3   HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
,
M. S. Brink
1   Center for Human Movement Sciences, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
2   School of Sport Studies, Hanze University of Applied Sciences Groningen, the Netherlands
,
C. Visscher
1   Center for Human Movement Sciences, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History



accepted after revision 02 June 2014

Publication Date:
21 January 2015 (online)

Also available at
    Permissions and Reprints

Correction to:

Importance of Peak Height Velocity Timing in Terms of Injuries in Talented Soccer PlayersInt J Sports Med 2015; 36(04): e6-e6
DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1549903

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to identify differences in traumatic and overuse injury incidence between talented soccer players who differ in the timing of their adolescent growth spurt. 26 soccer players (mean age 11.9±0.84 years) were followed longitudinally for 3 years around Peak Height Velocity, calculated according to the Maturity Offset Protocol. The group was divided into an earlier and later maturing group by median split. Injuries were registered following the FIFA consensus statement. Mann-Whitney tests showed that later maturing players had a significantly higher overuse injury incidence than their earlier maturing counterparts both in the year before Peak Height Velocity (3.53 vs. 0.49 overuse injuries/1 000 h of exposure, U=49.50, z=−2.049, p<0.05) and the year of Peak Height Velocity (3.97 vs. 1.56 overuse injuries/1 000 h of exposure, U=50.5, z=−1.796, p<0.05). Trainers and coaches should be careful with the training and match load they put on talented soccer players, especially those physically not (yet) able to handle that load. Players appear to be especially susceptible to injury between 13.5 and 14.5 years of age. Training and match load should be structured relative to maturity such that athletic development is maximized and the risk of injury is minimized.

Key words

maturation - development - traumatic - overuse - longitudinal study - adolescent
 

  • References

  • 1 Baxter-Jones A, Maffulli N, Helms P. Low injury rates in elite athletes. Arch Dis Child 1993; 68: 130-132
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Beunen GP, Rogol AD, Malina RM. Indicators of biological maturation and secular changes in biological maturation. Food and Nutrition Bulletin 2006; 27 (4 suppl.) S244-S256
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Brink MS, Frencken WGP, Jordet G, Lemmink KA. Coaches’ and players’ perceptions of training dose: not a perfect match. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2013; Nov 13 (Epub ahead of print)
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Brink MS, Visscher C, Arends S, Zwerver J, Post WJ, Lemmink KA. Monitoring stress and recovery: new insights for the prevention of injuries and illnesses in elite youth soccer players. Br J Sports Med 2010; 44: 809-815
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Brink MS, Visscher C, Coutts AJ, Lemmink KA. Changes in perceived stress and recovery in overreached young elite soccer players. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2012; 22: 285-292
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Carling C, Le Gall F, Malina RM. Body size, skeletal maturity, and functional characteristics of elite academy soccer players on entry between 1992 and 2003. J Sports Sci 2012; 30: 1683-1693
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Coelho E, Silva MJ, Figueiredo AJ, Simoes F, Seabra A, Natal A, Vaeyens R, Philippaerts R, Cumming SP, Malina RM. Discrimination of u-14 soccer players by level and position. Int J Sports Med 2010; 31: 790-796
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Elferink-Gemser MT, Huijgen BC, Coelho-e-Silva M, Lemmink KA, Visscher C. The changing characteristics of talented soccer players – a decade of work in Groningen. J Sports Sci 2012; 30: 1581-1591
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Emery CA. Risk factors for injury in child and adolescent sport: a systematic review of the literature. Clin J Sport Med 2003; 13: 256-268
    Google Scholar
  • 10 Field A. Non-parametric tests. Discovering Statistics Using SPSS: Sage publication; London, Thousand Oaks, New Delhi: 2005: 540-550
    Google Scholar
  • 11 Figueiredo AJ, Coelho E, Silva MJ, Cumming SP, Malina RM. Size and maturity mismatch in youth soccer players 11- to 14-years-old. Pediatr Exerc Sci 2010; 22: 596-612
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Figueireido AJ, Coelho e Silva MJ, Malina RM. Predictors of functional capacity and skill in youth soccer players. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2011; 21: 446-454
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Fuller CW, Ekstrand J, Junge A, Andersen TE, Bahr R, Dvorak J, Hagglund M, McCrory P, Meeuwisse WH. Consensus statement on injury definitions and data collection procedures in studies of football (soccer) injuries. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2006; 16: 83-92
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Harley JA, Barnes CA, Portas M, Lovell R, Barrett S, Paul D, Weston M. Motion analysis of match-play in elite U12 to U16 age-group soccer players. J Sports Sci 2010; 28: 1391-1397
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Harris DJ, Atkinson G. Ethical standards in sports and exercise research: 2014 update. Int J Sports Med 2013; 34: 1025-1028
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Impellizzeri FM, Rampinini E, Marcora SM. Physiological assessment of aerobic training in soccer. J Sports Sci 2005; 23: 583-592
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Iuliano-Burns S, Mirwald RL, Bailey DA. Timing and magnitude of peak height velocity and peak tissue velocities for early, average, and late maturing boys and girls. Am J Hum Biol 2001; 13: 1-8
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Johnson A, Doherty PJ, Freemont A. Investigation of growth, development, and factors associated with injury in elite schoolboy footballers: prospective study. BMJ 2009; 338: b490
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Kentta G, Hassmen P. Overtraining and recovery. A conceptual model. Sports Med 1998; 26: 1-16
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Le Gall F, Carling C, Reilly T. Biological maturity and injury in elite youth football. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2007; 17: 564-572
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Malina RM, Beunen G. Matching of opponents in youth sports. In: Bar-Or O. (ed.) The child and adolescent athlete. Oxford: Blackwell Science; 1996: 202-213
    Google Scholar
  • 22 Malina RM, Bouchard C, Bar-Or O. Growth, Maturation and physical activity. Champaign: Human Kinetics; 2004
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 23 Malina RM, Chamorro M, Serratosa L, Morate F. TW3 and Fels skeletal ages in elite youth soccer players. Ann Hum Biol 2007; 34: 265-272
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 Malina RM, CoelhoE Silva MJ, Figueireido AJ, Carling C, Beunen GP. Interrelationships among invasive and non-invasive indicators of biological maturation in adolescent male soccer players. J of Sports Sciences 2012; 30: 1705-1717
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Malina RM, Eisenmann JC, Cumming SP, Ribeiro B, Aroso J. Maturity-associated variation in the growth and functional capacities of youth football (soccer) players 13–15 years. Eur J Appl Physiol 2004; 91: 555-562
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 26 Malina RM, Koziel SM. Validation of maturity offset in a longitudinal sample of Polish boys. J of Sports Sciences 2014; 35: 424-437
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 27 Malina RM, Morano PJ, Barron M, Miller SJ, Cumming SP, Kontos AP. Incidence and player risk factors for injury in youth football. J Sports Sci 2006; 16: 214-222
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 28 Malina RM, Pena Reyes ME, Eisenmann JC, Horta L, Rodrigues J, Miller R. Height, mass and skeletal maturity of elite Portuguese soccer players aged 11–16 years. J Sports Sci 2000; 18: 685-693
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 29 Mendez-Villanueva A, Buchheit M, Kuitunen S, Douglas A, Peltola E, Bourdon P. Age-related differences in acceleration, maximum running speed, and repeated-sprint performance in young soccer players. J Sports Sci 2011; 29: 477-484
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 30 Mirwald RL, Baxter-Jones AD, Bailey DA, Beunen GP. An assessment of maturity from anthropometric measurements. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2002; 34: 689-694
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 31 Philippaerts RM, Vaeyens R, Janssens M, Van Renterghem B, Matthys D, Craen R, Bourgois J, Vrijens J, Beunen G, Malina RM. The relationship between peak height velocity and physical performance in youth soccer players. J Sports Sci 2006; 24: 221-230
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 32 Quatman-Yates CC, Quatman CE, Meszaros AJ, Paterno MV, Hewett TE. A systematic review of sensorimotor function during adolescence: a developmental stage of increased motor awkwardness?. Br J Sports Med 2012; 46: 649-655
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 33 Ross WD. Marfell-JonesMJ. Kinanthropometry. In: MacDougall JD. (ed.) Physiological Testing of the High-Performance Athlete. 2nd Edition Canadian Association of Sports Sciences, Sports Medicine Council of Canada; 1991
    Google Scholar
  • 34 Roy MA, Bernard D, Roy D, Marcotte G. Body-checking in pee-wee hockey. Physician Sportsmed 1989; 17: 119-126
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 35 Valente-dos-Santos J, Coelho-e-Silva MJ, Simoes F, Figueiredo AJ, Leite N, Elferink-Gemser MT, Malina RM, Sherar L. Modeling developmental changes in functional capacities and soccer-specific skills in male players aged 11–17 years. Pediatr Exerc Sci 2012; 24: 603-621
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 36 van der Sluis A, Elferink-Gemser MT, Coelho-E-Silva MJ, Nijboer JA, Brink MS, Visscher C. Ssport injuries aligned to peak height velocity in talented pubertal soccer players. Int J Sports Med 2013;
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 37 Wrigley R, Drust B, Stratton G, Scott M, Gregson W. Quantification of the typical weekly in-season training load in elite junior soccer players. J Sports Sci 2012; 30: 1573-1580
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar