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DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1390907
Chirurgische und konservative Therapie traumatischer Rückenmarkverletzungen
Publication History
Publication Date:
08 January 2015 (online)
![](https://www.thieme-connect.de/media/intensiv-u2d/201501/lookinside/thumbnails/10.1055-s-0034-1390907-1.jpg)
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Die traumatische Rückenmarkschädigung führt zu einer inkompletten oder kompletten Para- oder Tetraparese mit einer erheblichen Einschränkung der Lebensqualität und hohen sozioökonomischen Kosten.
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Hauptrisikofaktoren für das Überleben sind das Alter, die Höhe der Rückenmarkschädigung, das Ausmaß neurologischer Defizite und pulmonale Infektionen.
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Zur Erstversorgung gehören die Sicherung der Vitalfunktionen am Unfallort (ggf. Intubation) und eine Immobilisierung (Stiff-neck, Vakuummatratze).
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Bei einer Kompression des Rückenmarks oder einer instabilen Fraktur ist eine Entlastung des Rückenmarks mit zusätzlicher Stabilisierung innerhalb von 24 Stunden erforderlich.
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Besonders respiratorische und kardiovaskuläre Komplikationen, Thrombembolien und ein gestörter Metabolismus sowie Infektionen sind eine Herausforderung in der weiteren intensivmedizinischen Behandlung.
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Besonders bei jungen Patienten mit inkompletter Querschnittslähmung kann die Rehabilitationsbehandlung funktionelle Erfolge erreichen.
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