Pädiatrie up2date, Table of Contents Pädiatrie up2date 2015; 10(01): 39-58DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1391279 Sozialpädiatrie © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York Neue Drogen – eine Übersicht Caroline S. Biskup , Werner Königschulte , Michael Janßen , Ulrich Hagenah , Florian D. Zepf Recommend Article Abstract Podcasts Buy Article All articles of this category Full Text References Literatur 1 Bundeszentrale für gesundheitliche Aufklärung. Die Drogenaffinität Jugendlicher in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland 2011. Der Konsum von Alkohol, Tabak und illegalen Drogen: aktuelle Verbreitung und Trends. Köln: Bundeszentrale für gesundheitliche Aufklärung; 2012 2 Statistisches Bundesamt. Fachserie 12/Reihe 6.2.1. Diagnosedaten der Patienten und Patientinnen in Krankenhäusern (einschließlich Sterbe- und Stundenfälle) 2012. Wiesbaden: Statistisches Bundesamt; 2013 3 Zepf FD, Holtmann M, Duketis E et al. Withdrawal syndrome after abuse of GHB (Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate) and its physiological precursors – its relevance for child and adolescent psychiatrists. Z Kinder Jugendpsychiatr Psychother 2009; 37: 413-420 4 Sircar R, Wu LC, Reddy K et al. GHB-Induced Cognitive Deficits During Adolescence and the Role of NMDA Receptor. Curr Neuropharmacol 2011; 9: 240-243 5 Meyer S, Kleinschmidt S, Gottschling S et al. Gamma-hydroxy butyric acid: neurotransmitter, sedative and party drug. Wien Med Wochenschr 2005; 155: 315-322 6 Leone MA, Vigna-Taglianti F, Avanzi G et al. Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) for treatment of alcohol withdrawal and prevention of relapses. Cochrane Db Syst Rev 2010; 2 7 Erk D. HOOC-CH2-CH2-CH2OH. die tageszeitung. 19. 2. 2014 Im Internet: http://www.taz.de/1/archiv/?id=archivseite&dig=2004/02/19/a0133 ; Zugriff am 18. 8. 2014 8 Kapoor P, Deshmukh R, Kukreja I. GHB acid: A rage or reprive. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2013; 4: 173-178 9 European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA). GHB and Its Precursor GBL: An Emerging Trend Case Study, Thematic Paper, European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. Lisbon: 2008 Im Internet: http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/thematic-papers/ghb ; Zugriff am 18. 8. 2014 10 Scherbaum N, Parnefjord R. Das Drogentaschenbuch. 5. Aufl. Stuttgart: Thieme; 2015. (geplanter Erscheinungstermin: Februar 2015) 11 Zvosec DL, Smith SW, Porrata T et al. Case series of 226 gamma-hydroxybutyrate-associated deaths: lethal toxicity and trauma. Am J Emerg Med 2011; 29: 319-332 12 Bertol E, Argo A, Procaccianti P et al. Detection of gamma-hydroxybutyrate in hair: validation of GC-MS and LC-MS/MS methods and application to a real case. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2012; 70: 518-522 13 Dyer JE, Roth B, Hyma BA. Gamma-hydroxybutyrate withdrawal syndrome. Ann Emerg Med 2001; 37: 147-153 14 Zepf FD, Holtmann M, Duketis E et al. A 16-year-old boy with severe gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) withdrawal delirium. Pharmacopsychiatry 2009; 42: 202-203 15 Mehling R. Methamphetamine. New York: Chelsea House Publishers; 2008: 12ff 16 Rasmussen N. On speed: the many lives of amphetamine. New York: New York University Press; 2008: 54-55 17 Die Drogenbeuaftragte der Bundesregierung/Bundeskriminalamt. Informationsblatt für Medienvertreter. Pressekonferenz der Drogenbeauftragten der Bundesregierung und des Präsidenten des Bundeskriminalamtes: Zahl der Drogentoten/Rauschgiftlage 2013. Berlin: 2014 Im Internet: http://www.drogenbeauftragte.de/fileadmin/dateien-dba/Presse/Downloads/BKA_140416__Factsheet.pdf ; Zugriff am 10. 7. 2014 18 Brackins T, Brahm NC, Kissack JC. Treatments for methamphetamine abuse: a literature review for the clinician. J Pharm Pract Dec 2011; 24: 541-550 19 Winslow BT, Voorhees KI, Pehl KA. Methamphetamine abuse. Am Fam Physician 2007; 76: 1169-1174 20 Cheong JC, Suh S, Ko BJ et al. Screening Method for the Detection of Methamphetamine in Hair Using Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay. J Anal Toxicol 2013; 37: 217-221 21 Pennay AE, Lee NK. Putting the call out for more research: The poor evidence base for treating methamphetamine withdrawal. Drug Alcohol Rev 2011; 30: 216-222 22 Hendrickson RG, Horowitz Z, Norton RL et al. Parachuting meth: A novel delivery method for methamphetamine and delayed-onset toxicity from „body stuffing“. Clin Toxicol 2006; 44: 379-382 23 Katselou M, Papoutsis I, Nikolaou P et al. A „Krokodil“ emerges from the murky waters of addiction. Abuse trends of an old drug. Life Sci 2014; 102: 81-87 24 Grund JPC, Latypov A, Harris M. Breaking worse: The emergence of krokodil and excessive injuries among people who inject drugs in Eurasia. Int J Drug Policy 2013; 24: 265-274 25 Thekkemuriyi DV, John SG, Pillai U. „Krokodil“– A Designer Drug from Across the Atlantic, with Serious Consequences. Am J Med 2014; 127: E1-E2 26 Fudala PJ, Johnson RE. Development of opioid formulations with limited diversion and abuse potential. Drug Alcohol Depen 2006; 83: 40-47 27 BtMÄndVO. Teil I Nr. 35. 2012 28 Greschke B. Tilidin – Ein Medikament als Droge. Hamburg: Diplomica; 2008: 18ff 29 Weneit S, Küster B. Gewaltrausch durch Schmerzmittel Tilidin? . Der Tagesspiegel. 23. 1. 2014 Im Internet: http://www.tagesspiegel.de/politik/deutschland/jugendgewalt-gewaltrausch-durch-schmerzmittel-tilidin/1148498.html ; Zugriff am 30. 11. 2014 30 Trojan A, Beil H. Tilidine Abuse and Dependence. Drug Alcohol Depen 1978; 3: 383-391 31 Kohler C, Grobosch T, Binscheck T. Rapid quantification of tilidine, nortilidine, and bisnortilidine in urine by automated online SPE-LC-MS/MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 400: 17-23 32 Pfizer Pharma GmbH. Fachinformation. Valoron N, Tropfen. 02/2013 33 Regenthal R, Kruger M, Richter M et al. Poisoning with tilidine and naloxone: toxicokinetic and clinical observations. Hum Exp Toxicol 1998; 17: 593-597 34 Patzak J. Nächste Änderung des BtMG steht bevor – 27. BtMÄndVO sieht Unterstellung von 26 neuen psychoaktiven Substanzen vor. beck-blog. München: 2014 35 BGH. 3 StR 437/12 – Beschluss vom 28. Mai 2013. 36 EuGH. Urteil vom 10. 7. 2014 – C-358/13; C-181/14. 37 Hohmann N, Mikus G, Czock D. Effects and risks associated with novel psychoactive substances: mislabeling and sale as bath salts, spice, and research chemicals. Dtsch Arztebl Int 2014; 111: 139-147 38 Bernard C, Werse B, Schell-Mack C. Jahresbericht MoSyD. Drogentrends in Frankfurt am Main 2012. Frankfurt a.M: Centre for Drug Research, Goethe-Universität; 2013 39 Seely KA, Lapoint J, Moran JH et al. Spice drugs are more than harmless herbal blends: A review of the pharmacology and toxicology of synthetic cannabinoids. Prog Neuro-Psychoph 2012; 39: 234-243 40 McGrath J, Welham J, Scott J et al. Association Between Cannabis Use and Psychosis-Related Outcomes Using Sibling Pair Analysis in a Cohort of Young Adults. Arch Gen Psychiat 2010; 67: 440-447 41 Hurst D, Loeffler G, McLay R. Psychosis Associated With Synthetic Cannabinoid Agonists: A Case Series. Am J Psychiat 2011; 168: 1119 42 Nacca N, Vatti D, Sullivan R et al. The Synthetic Cannabinoid Withdrawal Syndrome. J Addict Med 2013; 7: 296-298 43 Hermanns-Clausen M, Kneisel S, Szabo B et al. Acute toxicity due to the confirmed consumption of synthetic cannabinoids: clinical and laboratory findings. Addiction 2013; 108: 534-544 44 Cohen J, Morrison S, Greenberg J et al. Clinical Presentation of Intoxication Due to Synthetic Cannabinoids. Pediatrics 2012; 129: E1064-E1067 45 Valente MJ, de Pinho PG, Bastos MD et al. Khat and synthetic cathinones: a review. Arch Toxicol 2014; 88: 15-45 Weiterführende Literatur Zepf FD et al. Withdrawal syndrome after abuse of GHB (Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate) and its physiological precursors – Its relevance for child and adolescent psychiatrists. Z Kinder Jugendpsychiatr Psychother 2009; 37: 413-420 Katselou M et al. A „Krokodil“ emerges from the murky waters of addiction. Abuse trends of an old drug. Life Sci 2014; Im Internet: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2014.03.008 ; Zugriff am 30. 11. 2014 Hohmann N, Mikus G, Czock D. Effects and risks associated with novel psychoactive substances: mislabeling and sale as bath salts, spice, and research chemicals. Dtsch Artzebl Int 2014; 111: 139-147 Valente MJ, Guedes de Pinho P, de Lourdes Bastos M et al. Khat and synthetic cathinones: a review. Arch Toxicol 2014; 88: 15-45