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DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1395536
Knieschmerz im Verlauf der Schwangerschaft in Bezug zum Anstieg des Körpergewichts. Ergebnisse einer prospektiven Studie
Knee-related Pain Problems during Pregnancy Correlate with an Increase in Body Weight. Results of a Prospective StudyPublication History
eingereicht 13 June 2014
angenommen nach Überarbeitung 13 October 2014
Publication Date:
01 April 2015 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Zielstellung: Die Untersuchung wurde mit dem Ziel durchgeführt, die Inzidenz von Knieschmerzen bzw. Knieproblemen oder die Verstärkung derselben im Verlauf der Schwangerschaft zu untersuchen. Als Nullhypothese wurde formuliert, Schwangere entwickeln in Korrelation mit der Zunahme des Körpergewichts Kniegelenksbeschwerden bzw. erleiden eine Verstärkung bereits vor der Schwangerschaft bestehender Probleme.
Methode: Insgesamt 326 Schwangere (30.–40. Schwangerschaftswoche) wurden in die Studie einbezogen. Zum Zeitpunkt der Eingangsuntersuchung betrug das Alter der Patientinnen 29,4 [95% CI 28,8–29,9] Jahre. Alle Patienten wurden bezüglich bereits vor der Schwangerschaft bestehender Knieprobleme, möglicher Verstärkung derselben oder bezüglich neu aufgetretener Knieschmerzen anhand eines standardisierten Untersuchungsbogens befragt. Zudem erfolgte eine eingehende retrospektive Befragung bezüglich der anthropometrischen Daten zu Beginn der Schwangerschaft. Bei den inzidenten Fällen erfolgte 6 Wochen nach der Entbindung ein nochmaliges follow-up.
Ergebnisse: Zu Beginn der Schwangerschaft betrug das durchschnittliche Körpergewicht 68,0 (95% CI 64,4–69,6; 41–117) kg und der durchschnittliche BMI 24,5 (25% CI 23,9–25,0; 17,0–26,0) kg/m². Die durchschnittliche absolute Gewichtszunahme betrug 13,8 (95% CI 13,2–1,5; 3–38) kg. Insgesamt 24 (7,4%) der befragten Schwangeren berichteten über während der Schwangerschaft neu hinzugekommene Knieprobleme. Bei 2 Patientinnen (0,6%) kam es zur Verstärkung bereits vor der Schwangerschaft bestehende Knieprobleme. Damit lag die Rate von Schwangerschaft assoziierten (inzidenten) Knieproblemen bei 26/326 bzw. 7,6/100 Schwangerschaften. Während der BMI-Anstieg bei den er nicht betroffenen Patientinnen 4,8 (95% CI 4,6–5,1, 1,1–14,1) kg/m² betrug, hatten diejenigen mit inzidenten Knieproblemen einen signifikant höheren BMI-Anstieg von 5,9 kg/m² (95% CI 4,9–6,9, 2,1–11,8). Patientinnen ohne inzidente Knieprobleme nahmen im Verlauf der Schwangerschaft um durchschnittlich 13,5 (95% CI 12,9–14,2, 3–38) kg zu. Bei den Patientinnen mit inzidenten Knieproblemen war diese Gewichtszunahme signifikant höher 16,8 (95% CI 13,9–19,4, 6–35) kg. Eine Schwangerschafts-bedingte Gewichtszunahme von mehr als 20 kg wurde als signifikanter Risikofaktor für die Ausbildung bzw. Verstärkung von Schwangerschaft assoziierten Knieproblemen ermittelt OR=3,8 (95% CI 1,5–9,3, p=0,003). Bei der Nachuntersuchung der inzidenten Fälle (Nachuntersuchungsrate 92%) hatten auch 6 Wochen nach Entbindung noch 92% Knieschmerzen. Nur bei 26,1% der befragten Patientinnen waren die Kniebeschwerden nach Abschluss der Rückbildungsphase wieder abgeklungen. Patientinnen mit persistierenden Knieproblemen auch nach Abschluss der Rückbildungsphase hat ein tendenziell höheres Körpergewicht 85,5 (CI 95% 71,8–99,1) kg, im Vergleich zu denjenigen bei denen Kniebeschwerden wieder abgeklungen waren 72,5 kg (CI 95% 60,9–83,9), p=0,162.
Schlussfolgerungen: Im Verlauf der Schwangerschaft kommt es bei ca. 8% der Patientinnen zum Neuauftreten bzw. zur Verstärkung von bereits vor der Schwangerschaft bestehende Knieproblemen. Diese klingen auch nach Beendigung der Schwangerschaft nur bei einem geringen Teil dieser Patientinnen wieder ab. In der vorliegenden Untersuchung konnte gezeigt werden dass diese Inzidenz von Knieproblemen signifikant mit der jeweiligen Gewichtszunahme der Schwangeren zusammenhängt. Inwieweit diese Ergebnisse ein Indiz für die höhere Rate von Knieproblemen bzw. späteren Gonarthrosen bei Frauen ist, kann jedoch noch nicht abschließend beurteilt werden.
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of knee pain or the intensification of knee-related problems during pregnancy. We hypothesised that the occurrence of knee problems correlates with an increase in body weight during pregnancy.
Methods: A total of 326 women (30th–40th week of pregnancy) were involved in this study. At onset of the pregnancy, the patients were 29.4 [95% CI 28.8–29.9] years of age. We asked all patients retrospectively about their anthropometric data at the beginning of pregnancy. All patients provided information about former knee problems, knee problems occurring after onset of pregnancy or any increase in these problems. These knee patients were re-evaluated 6 weeks after childbirth. At follow-up, the patients were asked about their knee problems and about their body weight.
Results: At the beginning of pregnancy, the mean body weight was 68.0 kg (95% CI 64.4–69.6; range 41–117). The mean BMI of all patients was 24.5 kg/m² (25% CI 23.9–25.0; range 17.0–26.0). The absolute body weight increased by 13.8 kg (95% CI 13.2–1.5; range 3–38). A total of 24 patients (7.4%) reported new knee problems during pregnancy. 2 patients reported an increase in knee-related problems during pregnancy (0.6%). The incidence of knee-related problems (new cases and increase of problems n=26) was 26/326 or 7.6/100 pregnancies. In patients without knee problems, the pregnancy-related increase in the BMI (ΔBMI) was 4.8 kg/m² (95% CI 4.6–5.1, range 1.1–14.1). In cases with incident knee problems, the ΔBMI was 5.9 kg/m² (95% CI 4.9–6.9, range 2.1–11.8). The increase in body weight (Δbody weight) in patients without knee problems was 13.5 kg (95% CI 12.9–14.2, range 3–38). Patients with incident knee pain experienced a Δbody weight of 16.8 kg (95% CI 13.9–19.4, range 6–35). The differences in ΔBMI and Δbody weight were significant (p=0.009). A Δbody weight >20 kg was a significant risk factor for pregnancy-related knee pain significant risk factor pregnancy related pain. A total of 23 incident cases (92%) underwent a follow-up interview 6 weeks after parturition. At this time, a total of 6 patients (26.1%) had not experienced further knee problems, whereas persistent knee problems were reported in the remaining patients (73.9%). Patients without any knee complaints [body weight 72.5 kg (CI 95% 60.9–83.9)] tended to have a lower body weight at follow-up than patients with persistent knee pain [85.5 kg (CI 95% 71.8–99.1), p=0.162].
Conclusion: There is a body weight-associated increase in the incidence of functional knee pain in pregnant women. In about one-third of the cases, knee problems persist after pregnancy and are associated with a residual increase in body weight. Thus, we conclude that body weight is a potential risk factor for functional knee pain.
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