Werkstoffe/Biomaterialien in der interventionellen und operativen Medizin – eine kurze Übersicht und aktuelle Trends

Zusammenfassung

Die Verwendung von Biomaterialien spielt heute in der interventionellen und operativen Medizin eine extrem wichtige Rolle. Trotz der enormen Fortschritte in den letzten Jahrzehnten befindet sich die Entwicklung von Biomaterialien aber erst am Anfang. Zum einen wächst unser Wissen um die beteiligten molekularen und zellulären Vorgänge immer noch exponenziell und zum anderen werden momentan viele neue Materialien mit sehr interessanten Eigenschaften entwickelt. Im Rahmen dieser Übersicht werden die verwendeten Werkstoffe und Verbundmaterialien sowie typische Anwendungen in der interventionellen und operativen Medizin vorgestellt. Darüber hinaus werden die Bedeutung von Biomaterialien für die Herstellung künstlicher Gewebe zur Unterstützung der Regenerationsmedizin sowie die Möglichkeiten zur Funktionalisierung von Biomaterialien diskutiert. Außerdem wird auf die vielfältigen Sterilisationsverfahren eingegangen. Die gezielte Entwicklung neuartiger Biomaterialien und ihre erfolgreiche Translation in die klinische Praxis erfordert deshalb in Zukunft eine noch breitere interdisziplinäre wissenschaftliche Zusammenarbeit.

Abstract

Biomaterials play a major role in interventional medicine and surgery. However, the development of biomaterials is still in its early phases in spite of the huge progress made within the last decades. On the one hand, this is because our knowledge of the molecular and cellular processes associated with biomaterials is still increasing exponentially. On the other hand, a wide variety of advanced materials with highly interesting properties is being developed currently. This review provides a short introduction into the variety of materials in use as well as their application in interventional medicine and surgery. Also the importance of biomaterials for tissue engineering in the field of regenerative medicine and the functionalisation of biomaterials, including sterilisation methods are discussed. For the future, an even broader interdisciplinary scientific collaboration is necessary in order to develop novel biomaterials and facilitate their translation into clinical practice.

Schlüsselwörter

Biomaterialien - medizinisch relevante Werkstoffe - Implantat - Endoprothese - künstliche Gewebe - Regenerationsmedizin

Key words

biomaterials - surgical materials - implant - endoprosthesis - tissue engineering - regenerative medicine

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