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DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1559651
Asymptomatische Nierensteine: Wann Active Surveillance, wann Therapie?
Asymptomatic Kidney Stones: Active Surveillance vs. TreatmentPublication History
Publication Date:
17 September 2015 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Das Harnsteinleiden ist eine Volkskrankheit mit weltweit zunehmender Prävalenz. Durch häufigere Bildgebung (vor allem Computertomografien) werden asymptomatische Nierensteine immer öfter als Nebendiagnose festgestellt. Neben den gängigen interventionellen Therapieverfahren, wie der extrakorporalen Stoßwellenlithotripsie (ESWL), der Ureterorenoskopie (URS) und der perkutanen Nephrolitholapaxie (PNL), wird die aktive Überwachung von asymptomatischen Nierensteinen zunehmend nicht nur vonseiten der behandelnden Ärzte sondern gerade auch vonseiten der Patienten vermehrt diskutiert. In den aktuellen europäischen und deutschen Leitlinien wird empfohlen, dass Patienten mit asymptomatischen Nierensteinen, bei denen keine Indikation zur interventionellen Steinbehandlung besteht oder die sie nicht wünschen, einer aktiven Überwachung zugeführt werden sollen. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit wird die aktuelle Datenlage zu Risiken und Nutzen der aktiven Überwachung bei asymptomatischen Nierensteinen zusammengefasst.
Abstract
The prevalence of kidney stones is increasing worldwide. Asymptomatic non-obstructing kidney stones are increasingly detected as an incidental finding on radiologic imaging, which has been performed more frequently over the last decades. Beside the current interventional treatment modalities such as extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL), ureterorenoscopy (URS) and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL), active surveillance of asymptomatic kidney stones has been a focus of discussion lately, not only for attending physicians, but even more so for patients. The current German and European guidelines recommend active surveillance for patients with asymptomatic kidney stones if no interventional therapy is mandatory because of pain or medical factors. Herein we review the current literature on risks and benefits of active surveillance of asymptomatic non-obstructing kidney stones.
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