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DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1559699
Vollständig individuelle linguale Apparaturen vermindern das Schmelzentkalkungsrisiko bei einer Multibracketbehandlung um ein Vielfaches
Completely Customized Lingual Appliances Reduce the Risk of Enamel Decalcification many Times overPublication History
Publication Date:
01 October 2015 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Zielsetzung: Das Entstehen von Schmelzentkalkungen oder White-Spot-Läsionen (WSL) ist eine häufig auftretende unerwünschte Begleiterscheinung der herkömmlichen festsitzenden kieferorthopädischen Behandlung. Die Lingualtechnik kann einen Beitrag dazu leisten, die Schwere der Nebenwirkungen zu mindern, indem die Bracketplatzierung in einen Bereich verlagert wird, der durch eine geringere Anfälligkeit gegenüber Karies gekennzeichnet ist. Ziel der Studie ist das Bestimmen der Inzidenz von lingualseitigen WSL und Kavitationen als Folge einer festsitzenden lingualen Behandlung, unter Berücksichtigung einzelner Zahngruppen (12–22; 13–23; 16–46; 17–47) sowie der Einflussfaktoren Behandlungsdauer, Geschlecht und Altersgruppe.
Patienten und Methode: In dieser retrospektiven Untersuchung wurde die WSL- und Kavitationsinzidenz in 385 mit der vollständig individuellen lingualen Apparatur WIN (DW LingualSystems, Bad Essen, Deutschland) behandelten Fällen mit insgesamt 10 162 auswertbaren Zähnen anhand hochauflösender Aufsichtsaufnahmen vor und nach der aktiven Behandlung ermittelt. Ausschlusskriterium war ein Alter der Patienten von über 18 Jahren bei Behandlungsbeginn. Die Auswertung erfolgte deskriptiv sowie anhand non-parametrischer ANOVA zum Signifikanzniveau von 5%.
Ergebnisse: Die mittlere Behandlungsdauer mit der WIN-Apparatur betrug 22,32±7,18 Monate. Es ergab sich im Bereich der oberen Inzisivi eine zahnbezogene WSL- [Kavitations-] Inzidenz von 5,8% [0,2%], patientenbezogen (Fälle mit mindestens einer neuen WSL) betrug diese Inzidenz 13,8% [0,8%]. Bei Betrachtung der kompletten behandelten Zahnbögen 17–47 ergab sich zahnbezogen eine WSL- [Kavitations-] Inzidenz von 3,2% [0,1%]. Bei männlichen Patienten war das Auftreten von Kavitationen im Bereich der Zahngruppe 13–23 signifikant erhöht (0,4% aller Zähne 13–23). Eine längere Behandlungsdauer wurde als signifikant verschlechternder Faktor in Bezug auf die WSL-Formation in der Zahngruppe 13–23 und 16–46 festgestellt.
Schlussfolgerung: Die Inzidenz von lingualen post-orthodontischen Schmelzentkalkungen ist im Vergleich zu den in der Literatur berichteten WSL-Inzidenzen nach der Behandlung mit vestibulären Multibracketapparaturen je nach betrachteter Zahngruppe bis um den Faktor 10 reduziert. Inaktive, remineralisierte linguale Läsionen stellen auch ohne weitere Behandlung kein ästhetisches Manko dar.
Abstract
Background and Aim: The formation of enamel decalcifications or white-spot lesions (WSLs) is a frequent and undesired side-effect of conventional fixed orthodontic treatment. The use of lingual appliances may be suitable for reducing the extent of those side-effects, by choosing enamel areas for bracket placement that are known to be less susceptible to caries formation: It was the aim of the study to assess the incidence of lingual WSLs and cavitations resulting from fixed lingual orthodontic treatment, taking into account different separate tooth groups (12–22; 13–23; 16–46; 17–47) as well as the impact of potential treatment-related co-factors such as treatment duration, sex, and grouped age.
Subjects and Method: In this retrospective study, we assessed the incidence of both WSLs and cavitations in 385 consecutive subjects with a total of 10 162 valid teeth treated with the fully customized lingual appliance WIN (DW LingualSystems, Bad Essen, Germany), using high resolution top-view photographs taken before, during, and following completion of active treatment. The exclusion criterion was a subject’s age:>18 years at the start of treatment. Statistical analysis was descriptively, and by non-parametric ANOVA, adopting a significance level of 5%.
Results: The mean lingual WIN appliance treatment duration was 22.32±7.18 months. There was a tooth-related WSL [cavitation] incidence of 5.8% [0.2%] in upper incisors, and a subject-related (i. e., subjects with at least one new WSL) incidence of 13.8% [0.8%]. Considering complete upper and lower dental arches including second molars (teeth 17–47), there was a tooth-related WSL [cavitation] incidence of 3.2% [0.1%]. Occurrence of cavitations in tooth group 13–23 was significantly increased in male patients (0.4% of all teeth 13–23). Long treatment durations had a significantly deteriorating impact on WSL formation in tooth groups 13–23, and 16–46.
Conclusion: In comparison to WSL incidences resulting from vestibular fixed orthodontic treatment as reported in the literature, and depending on the tooth group, the incidence of lingual post-orthodontic enamel decalcifications is reduced up to the factor of 10. Inactive, remineralized lingual lesions do not require treatment, and do not impair smile esthetics.
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