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Der Nuklearmediziner 2015; 38(04): 249-258
DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1559702
Normvarianten und Varianten bei PET/CT-Untersuchungen
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Bewegungsartefakte in PET/CT-Bildern und deren Korrekturen

Motion Artifacts in PET/CT Images and Correction Strategies
F. Büther
1   Klinik für Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster
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Publication History

Publication Date:
15 December 2015 (online)

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Zusammenfassung

Die klinische Bildgebung mittels hybrider PET/CT-Systeme ist seit über einem Jahrzehnt Standard in der medizinischen Diagnostik. Trotz des großen Erfolgs dieser kombinierten Technik existieren immer noch Probleme, die gerade in der alltäglichen Anwendung die tatsächlich erreichte Bildqualität limitieren. Zu den wichtigsten Herausforderungen für die PET/CT-Bildgebung zählen dabei Patientenbewegungen, im thorakalen und abdominalen Bereich speziell unvermeidliche Organbewegungen verursacht durch Atmung und Herzschlag. Begründet liegt dies v. a. in den vergleichsweise langen PET-Akquisitionszeiten (einige Minuten pro Bettposition), die Aufnahmen in Atemanhalt-Technik verbieten. Folgen dieser Bewegungen sind zum einen Artefakte bei der CT-basierten Schwächungskorrektur und Probleme bei der PET/CT-Bildfusion, zum anderen eine merkliche Bewegungsunschärfe in den rekonstruierten PET-Bildern, was letztlich insbesondere zu Problemen in der Quantifizierung der Radiotracer-Aufnahme führen kann. Strategien zur Vermeidung dieser Probleme erlangen derzeit auch im klinischen Alltag immer größere Verbreitung. Zu nennen sind insbesondere verschiedene Gating-Verfahren, bei denen die PET-Daten gemäß einer zusätzlich gemessenen Atemkurve des Patienten rekonstruiert werden. Hiermit lassen sich die erwähnten Bildartefakte in der Regel deutlich reduzieren. Weiterführende Konzepte wie die volle Bewegungskorrektur der PET-Daten während der Bildrekonstruktion warten derzeit noch auf eine gründliche klinische Validierung, dürften aber mittelfristig ebenfalls im klinischen Alltag verfügbar sein. Der vorliegende Artikel gibt einen Überblick über verschiedene aktuelle und zukünftig geplante Korrekturverfahren.

Abstract

Clinical imaging using hybrid PET/CT systems is used now for over a decade in the field of medical diagnosis. However, despite the great success of combining these 2 modalities into a single scanner, there are still issues that limit the actually achieved image quality in everyday practice. Amongst the most important ones of these are patient movements during the scan, and specifically in scans of the thorax and abdomen inevitable organ motion introduced by respiration and heartbeat. The primary reason for these problems is based on the prolonged acquisition times of PET in the order of a few minutes per bed position, therefore prohibiting scans in breath hold. These motion types potentially result in problems with the CT-based attenuation correction of PET data and PET/CT image fusion. Furthermore, motion blurring is introduced into the PET images, leading to problems with quantification of radiotracer uptake. Strategies to overcome these obstacles are now finding their way into clinical practice. Of these, methods based on gating techniques are of highest interest. Here, PET data is reconstructed with respect to an additionally acquired respiratory curve, effectively reducing the aforementioned image artifacts. More advanced correction concepts like fully motion-corrected reconstruction of PET data are still awaiting thorough validation, but are expected to be clinically available in the foreseeable future. This paper will give an overview on a range of current and future correction methods.

Schlüsselwörter

PET/CT-Artefakte - Atembewegungen - Herzbewegungen - gegatete PET - datengetriebenes Gating - Bewegungsartefakte - Bewegungskorrektur

Key words

PET/CT artifacts - respiratory motion - cardiac motion - gated PET - data-driven gating - motion artifacts - motion correction
 

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