Recent Uses of Kröhnke Methodology: A Short Survey

Abstract

The scope of this short review is to point out how such an old reaction as the Kröhnke-type ring closure is still used nowadays to enable simple access to pyridines or polypyridines. Besides the usual Stille or Suzuki coupling reactions, which deal, respectively, with stannylated derivatives or boronic derivatives, the Kröhnke reaction can reach its target molecules with commercially available starting materials in a simple reaction medium without any special care.

1 Introduction

2 The Kröhnke Reaction

3 Applications

3.1 Catalysis

3.2 Materials

3.2.1 Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

3.2.2 OLEDs and LECs

3.3 Biological Applications

3.3.1 Luminescent Probes

3.3.2 Chemosensors

3.3.3 Anticancer Compounds

3.3.4 Antimicrobial Activity

4 Miscellaneous

5 Summary and Outlook

Key words

Kröhnke synthesis - bipyridines - terpyridines - metal complexes - materials - biological probes - anti-cancer

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