Indium(III)-Catalyzed Transformations of Alkynes: Recent Advances in Carbo- and Heterocyclization Reactions

Abstract

The use of a well-chosen catalyst is instrumental for the development of more efficient, economical and environmentally friendly reactions. In recent decades, indium-based catalysts have proven to be competitive and useful alternatives to transition-metal catalysts such as silver and gold. In this short review, we present some of the recent advances in indium(III)-catalyzed transformations of alkynes, with a focus on cyclization reactions.

1 Introduction

2 Terminal Alkynes as Nucleophiles

3 Nucleophilic Additions to Alkynes

4 Carbo- and Heterocyclization Reactions

4.1 Carbocyclization

4.2 Oxygen-Based Heterocycles

4.3 Nitrogen-Based Heterocycles

4.4 Sulfur-Based Heterocycles

5 Conclusion

Key words

alkynes - carbocycles - catalysis - heterocycles - indium - Lewis acids

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