Download PDF
Journal of Pediatric Biochemistry 2016; 06(04): 172-178
DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1598613
Review Article
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Common Sleep Disorders in Children

Jasneek K. Chawla
1   Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Children's Hospital Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
2   Mater Medical Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
3   School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
,
Helen Heussler
1   Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Children's Hospital Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
2   Mater Medical Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
3   School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

11 December 2016

05 January 2017

Publication Date:
17 February 2017 (online)

    Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

Sleep disorders are common in children and include both respiratory and non-respiratory causes. An awareness of these conditions is important due to the recognized complications of untreated sleep disorders in childhood. This review provides an overview of common sleep disorders in childhood including an overview of treatment options.

Keywords

sleep - breathing - childhood - pediatrics
 

  • References

  • 1 Carter KA, Hathaway NE, Lettieri CF. Common sleep disorders in children. Am Fam Physician 2014; 89 (5) 368-377
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 2 Owens JA. The practice of pediatric sleep medicine: results of a community survey. Pediatrics 2001; 108 (3) E51 . Doi: 10.1542/peds.108.3.e51
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 3 Chervin RD, Archbold KH, Panahi P, Pituch KJ. Sleep problems seldom addressed at two general pediatric clinics. Pediatrics 2001; 107 (6) 1375-1380
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 4 Blunden S, Lushington K, Lorenzen B, Ooi T, Fung F, Kennedy D. Are sleep problems under-recognised in general practice?. Arch Dis Child 2004; 89 (8) 708-712
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 5 Waters KA, Suresh S, Nixon GM. Sleep disorders in children. Med J Aust 2013; 199 (8) S31-S35
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 6 Capdevila OS, Kheirandish-Gozal L, Dayyat E, Gozal D. Paediatric obstructive sleep apnea complications, management and long-term outcomes. Proc Am Thorac Soc 2008; 5 (2) 274-282
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 7 Royal Australasian College of Physicians; Indications for Tonsillectomy and Adenotonsillectomy in Children A joint position paper of the Pediatrics &. . Child Health Division of the Royal Australasian College of Physicians and The Australian Society of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery. RACP, Sydney: 2008
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 8 Marcus CL, Brooks LJ, Draper KA , et al; American Academy of Pediatrics. Diagnosis and management of childhood obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Pediatrics 2012; 130 (3) 576-584
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 9 American Academy of Sleep Medicine: International Classification of Sleep Disorders. Diagnostic and coding manual. 2nd Ed. Westchester, IL: American Academy of Sleep Medicine; 2005
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 10 Nixon G, Brouillette RT. Sleep 8: paediatric sleep apnoea. Thorax 2005; 60: 511-516
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 11 Weiss M, Owens J. Recognizing pediatric sleep apnea. Nurse Pract 2014; 39 (8) 43-49
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 12 Verhulst SL, Van Gaal L, De Backer W, Desager K. The prevalence, anatomical correlates and treatment of sleep-disordered breathing in obese children and adolescents. Sleep Med Rev 2008; 12 (5) 339-346
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 13 Chawla J, Waters KA. Evaluation of sleep disordered breathing in children. Minerva Pneumol 2015; 54 (1) 29-38
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 14 Beebe DW. Neurobehavioral morbidity associated with disordered breathing during sleep in children: a comprehensive review. Sleep 2006; 29 (9) 1115-1134
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 15 Chervin RDRD, Ruzicka DL, Giordani BJ , et al. Sleep-disordered breathing, behavior, and cognition in children before and after adenotonsillectomy. Pediatrics 2006; 117 (4) e769-e778
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 16 Ebert CS, Drake AF. The impact of sleep-disordered breathing on cognition and behaviour in children. : a review and meta-synthesis of the literature. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2004; 131: 814-826
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 17 Kennedy JD, Blunden S, Hirte C , et al. Reduced neurocognition in children who snore. Pediatr Pulmonol 2004; 37 (4) 330-337
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 18 Bourke R, Anderson V, Yang JS , et al. Cognitive and academic functions are impaired in children with all severities of sleep-disordered breathing. Sleep Med 2011; 12 (5) 489-496
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 19 Bourke RS, Anderson V, Yang JS , et al. Neurobehavioral function is impaired in children with all severities of sleep disordered breathing. Sleep Med 2011; 12 (3) 222-229
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 20 Trosman SJ, Eleff DJ, Krishna J, Anne S. Polysomnography results in pediatric patients with mild obstructive sleep apnea: adenotonsillectomy vs. watchful waiting. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2016; 83: 25-30
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 21 Mitchell RB. Adenotonsillectomy for obstructive sleep apnea in children: outcome evaluated by pre- and postoperative polysomnography. Laryngoscope 2007; 117 (10) 1844-1854
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 22 Paruthi S, Buchanan P, Weng J , et al. Effect of adenotonsillectomy on parent reported sleepiness in children with obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep 2016; 39 (11) 2005-2012
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 23 Teo DT, Mitchell RB. Systematic review of effects of adenotonsillectomy on cardiovascular parameters in children with obstructive sleep apnea. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2013; 148 (1) 21-28
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 24 Garetz SL. Behavior, cognition, and quality of life after adenotonsillectomy for pediatric sleep-disordered breathing: summary of the literature. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2008; 138 (1, Suppl): S19-S26
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 25 Song SA, Tolisano AM, Cable BB, Camacho M. Neurocognitive outcomes after pediatric adenotonsillectomy for obstructive sleep apnea: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2016; 83: 205-210
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 26 Mitchell RB, Kelly J. Quality of life after adenotonsillectomy for SDB in children. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2005; 133 (4) 569-572
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 27 Lee CH, Kang KT, Weng WC, Lee PL, Hsu WC. Quality of life after adenotonsillectomy in children with obstructive sleep apnea: short-term and long-term results. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2015; 79 (2) 210-215
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 28 Othman MN, Bee See G, Abdul Latif H. Impact of adenotonsillectomy on the quality of life in children with sleep disordered breathing. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2016; 91: 105-107
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 29 Marcus CL, Moore RH, Rosen CL , et al; Childhood Adenotonsillectomy Trial (CHAT). A randomized trial of adenotonsillectomy for childhood sleep apnea. N Engl J Med 2013; 368 (25) 2366-2376
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 30 Imanguli M, Ulualp SO. Risk factors for residual obstructive sleep apnea after adenotonsillectomy in children. Laryngoscope 2016; 126 (11) 2624-2629
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 31 Pirelli P, Saponara M, Guilleminault C. Rapid maxillary expansion in children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Sleep 2004; 27 (4) 761-766
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 32 Villa MP, Malagola C, Pagani J , et al. Rapid maxillary expansion in children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: 12-month follow-up. Sleep Med 2007; 8 (2) 128-134
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 33 Villa MP, Rizzoli A, Miano S, Malagola C. Efficacy of rapid maxillary expansion in children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: 36 months of follow-up. Sleep Breath 2011; 15 (2) 179-184
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 34 Villa MP, Miano S, Rizzoli A. Mandibular advancement devices are an alternative and valid treatment for pediatric obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Sleep Breath 2012; 16 (4) 971-976
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 35 Machado-Júnior AJ, Signorelli LG, Zancanella E, Crespo AN. Randomized controlled study of a mandibular advancement appliance for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea in children: a pilot study. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2016; 21 (4) e403-e407
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 36 Huynh NT, Desplats E, Almeida FR. Orthodontics treatments for managing obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev 2016; 25: 84-94
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 37 Nazarali N, Altalibi M, Nazarali S, Major MP, Flores-Mir C, Major PW. Mandibular advancement appliances for the treatment of paediatric obstructive sleep apnea: a systematic review. Eur J Orthod 2015; 37 (6) 618-626
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 38 Urquhart D. Investigation and management of childhood sleep apnoea. Hippokratia 2013; 17 (3) 196-202
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 39 Urquhart DS, Gulliver T, Williams G, Harris MA, Nyunt O, Suresh S. Central sleep-disordered breathing and the effects of oxygen therapy in infants with Prader-Willi syndrome. Arch Dis Child 2013; 98 (8) 592-595
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 40 Gillett E, Perez IA. Disorders of sleep and ventilatory control in Prader-Willi syndrome. Diseases 2016; 4 (3) 23
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 41 Weese-Mayer DE, Berry-Kravis EM, Ceccherini I, Keens TG, Loghmanee DA, Trang H ; ATS Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome Subcommittee. An official ATS clinical policy statement: congenital central hypoventilation syndrome: genetic basis, diagnosis, and management. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2010; 181 (6) 626-644
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 42 Urquhart DS, Tan HL. Sleep disordered breathing at the extremes of age: infancy. Breathe (Sheff) 2016; 12 (1) e1-e11
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 43 American Academy of Sleep Medicine; International Classification of Sleep Disorders – Third Edition. Westchester, IL: American Academy of Sleep Medicine; 2014
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 44 Meltzer LJ, Mindell JA. Behavioral sleep disorders in children and adolescents. Sleep Med Clin 2008; 3: 269-279
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 45 Hyde M, O'Driscoll DM, Binette S , et al. Validation of actigraphy for determining sleep and wake in children with sleep disordered breathing. J Sleep Res 2007; 16 (2) 213-216
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 46 Meltzer LJ, Mindell JA. Systematic review and meta-analysis of behavioral interventions for pediatric insomnia. J Pediatr Psychol 2014; 39 (8) 932-948
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 47 Rubens SL, Patrick KE, Williamson AA, Moore M, Mindell JA. Individual and socio-demographic factors related to presenting problem and diagnostic impressions at a pediatric sleep clinic. Sleep Med 2016; 25: 67-72
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 48 Thomas KA, Burr RL, Spieker S. Light and maternal influence in the entrainment of activity circadian rhythm in infants 4-12 weeks of age. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2016; 14 (3) 249-255
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 49 von Schantz M, Archer SN. Clocks, genes and sleep. J R Soc Med 2003; 96 (10) 486-489
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 50 Ong JL, Lo JC, Gooley JJ, Chee MW. EEG changes across multiple nights of sleep restriction and recovery in adolescents: the need for sleep study. Sleep 2016; 39 (6) 1233-1240
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 51 Flynn-Evans EE, Lockley SW. A pre-screening questionnaire to predict non-24-hour sleep-wake rhythm disorder (N24HSWD) among the blind. J Clin Sleep Med 2016; 12 (5) 703-710
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 52 Rodriguez AV, Funk CM, Vyazovskiy VV, Nir Y, Tononi G, Cirelli C. Why does sleep slow-wave activity increase after extended wake? Assessing the effects of increased cortical firing during wake and sleep. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10: 456
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 53 Kurth S, Dean III DC, Achermann P , et al. Increased sleep depth in developing neural networks: new insights from sleep restriction in children. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10 (49) 456 . Doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00456
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 54 Wills L, Garcia J. Parasomnias: epidemiology and management. CNS Drugs 2002; 16 (12) 803-810
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 55 Frölich Alfred Wiater Gerd Lehmkuhl J. Successful treatment of severe parasomnias with paroxetine in a 12-year-old boy. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2001; 5 (3) 215-218
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 56 Andersen LP, Gögenur I, Rosenberg J, Reiter RJ. The safety of melatonin in humans. Clin Drug Investig 2016; 36 (3) 169-175
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 57 Wang C, Huo X, Tian X , et al. Inhibition of melatonin metabolism in humans induced by chemical components from herbs and effective prediction of this risk using a computational model. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173 (22) 3261-3275
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 58 Williams III WP, McLin III DE, Dressman MA, Neubauer DN. Comparative review of approved melatonin agonists for the treatment of circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders. Pharmacotherapy 2016; 36 (9) 1028-1041
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 59 He B, Chen Z. Molecular targets for small-molecule modulators of circadian clocks. Curr Drug Metab 2016; 17 (5) 503-512
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar