Abstract
Fractures are common in children with some requiring surgical reduction and fixation
to maintain anatomical alignment. Although various surgical techniques and principles
are shared between children and adults, certain unique considerations in children
can influence the surgical approach and device selection. In particular, for skeletally
immature children, it is of utmost importance to protect certain critical open growth
plates because permanent injury can produce severe growth disturbances. The often
robust healing response and potential limited patient compliance can also influence
the treatment algorithm and decision making. Commonly encountered orthopaedic fixation
devices, including screws, intramedullary devices, and plates, are reviewed with an
emphasis on their mechanism and application in children. Additional miscellaneous
devices that are commonly used to treat malalignment and guide bone growth including
epiphysiodesis plates, proximal femur osteotomy plates, and spinal magnetic growing
rods are also reviewed. The goal of this article is to provide a basic understanding
of the principles and mechanisms of different types of pediatric orthopaedic devices
and thereby improve the radiologist's diagnostic confidence and allow better anticipation
of complications.
Keywords
fracture fixation - growth disturbance - magnetic nail and rod - pediatric growth
plate - screws
