Synthesis 2019; 51(12): 2435-2454
DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1611789
review
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York

Nanogold(0)-Catalyzed Addition of Heteroelement σ Linkages to Functional Groups

a   Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Voutes, 71003 Heraklion, Greece   Email: stratakis@uoc.gr
,
b   Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Received: 30 January 2019

Accepted after revision: 13 March 2019

Publication Date:
25 April 2019 (online)


Abstract

In recent years, supported Au nanoparticles and nanoporous Au materials have shown remarkable catalytic activity in the activation of σ heteroelement linkages such as, Si–H, Si–Si, B–B and B–Si, and their subsequent addition to functional groups, primarily π bonds. In this review article we discuss the reaction modes known to date, and attempt to discuss the mechanistic clues of these transformations which are rather unexpected in terms of conventional transition-metal catalysis concepts, given that the catalytic sites are metallic Au(0).

1 Introduction

2 Activation of Hydrosilanes

2.1 Reactions of Hydrosilanes with Alkynes

2.1.1 Hydrosilylation

2.1.2 Dehydrogenative Coupling

2.2 Reactions of Hydrosilanes with Allenes

2.3 Reactions of Hydrosilanes with Carbonyl Compounds and Imines

2.4 Reactions of Hydrosilanes with α-Diazo Carbonyl Compounds

2.5 Miscellaneous Transformations from the Nano Au-Catalyzed Activation­ of Hydrosilanes

3 Activation of Disilanes

3.1 Disilylation of Alkynes

3.2 Reactions of 1,1,2,2-Tetramethyldisilane with Alkynes

4 Activation of Diboranes

4.1 Diborylation of Alkenes

4.2 Diborylation of Alkynes

4.3 Diborylation of Allenes

4.4 Diborylation of Methylenecyclopropanes

5 Activation of Silylboranes

5.1 Silaboration of Alkynes

5.2 Silaboration of Allenes

5.3 Silaboration of Unactivated Epoxides and Oxetanes

5.4 Reactions of Silylboranes with Aromatic Carbonyl Compounds

6 Conclusions and Future Perspectives