Synthesis 2019; 51(19): 3588-3599
DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1611892
short review
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York

O-Annulation Leading to Five-, Six-, and Seven-Membered Cyclic Diaryl Ethers Involving C–H Cleavage

Alexandre Rossignon
a   Department of Chemistry, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, Namur 5000, Belgium
b   School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Wales, UK   eMail: bonifazid@cardiff.ac.uk
,
b   School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Wales, UK   eMail: bonifazid@cardiff.ac.uk
› Institutsangaben
D. B. thanks the EU through the MC-RISE scheme (INFUSION), and the School of Chemistry @Cardiff University for the financial support.
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Publikationsverlauf

Received: 21. April 2019

Accepted after revision: 26. Juni 2019

Publikationsdatum:
31. Juli 2019 (online)


Abstract

Cyclic diaryl ethers are present in multiple natural compounds, organic pollutants as well as in π-conjugated organic molecular materials. This short review aims at overviewing the main synthetic advances in the O-annulation methods for preparing five-, six-, and seven-membered rings through C–H cleavage.

1 Introduction

2 Five-Membered Rings: The Dibenzofuran (DBF) Motif

2.1 Palladium-Catalysed C–H Activation

2.2 Copper-Catalysed C–H Activation

2.3 Non-CH Activation Oxidant-Mediated Cyclisation

2.4 Light-Mediated Cyclisation

2.5 Acid-catalysed C–O Cleavage/C–O Formation

3 Six-Membered Rings: DBX, PXX, Xanthone, and Their Derivatives

3.1 Dibenzoxanthene (DBX)

3.2 Peri-Xanthenoxanthene (PXX)

3.3 Xanthones

3.4 Miscellaneous

4 Seven-Membered Rings: Cularine

5 Conclusion