Defining Success in Lung Transplantation: From Survival to Quality of Life

Abstract

Lung transplantation (LT) has the potential to extend survival and improve quality of life (QOL) for patients suffering from end-stage lung disease. This review describes the many ways in which success can be defined in LT. It evaluates the improvements in survival outcomes after LT over time, and describes ways to measure the success of LT other than survival after transplantation. It also addresses the importance of patient-centered outcomes and how improvements in health-related quality of life (HRQL) are pivotal to defining success within LT.

Keywords

lung transplantation - success - survival - quality of life - health-related quality of life - HRQL

• References

• 1 Raghu G, Chen S-Y, Yeh W-S. , et al. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in US Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years and older: incidence, prevalence, and survival, 2001-11. Lancet Respir Med 2014; 2 (07) 566-572
• 2 Rabe KF, Watz H. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Lancet 2017; 389 (10082): 1931-1940
• 3 Snell G, Reed A, Stern M, Hadjiliadis D. The evolution of lung transplantation for cystic fibrosis: a 2017 update. J Cyst Fibros 2017; 16 (05) 553-564
• 4 Farber HW, Miller DP, Poms AD. , et al. Five-year outcomes of patients enrolled in the REVEAL Registry. Chest 2015; 148 (04) 1043-1054
• 5 Lubin M, Chen H, Elicker B, Jones KD, Collard HR, Lee JS. A comparison of health-related quality of life in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Chest 2014; 145 (06) 1333-1338
• 6 Swigris JJ, Kuschner WG, Jacobs SS, Wilson SR, Gould MK. Health-related quality of life in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a systematic review. Thorax 2005; 60 (07) 588-594
• 7 Fernandes CJ, Martins BC, Jardim CV. , et al. Quality of life as a prognostic marker in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2014; 12 (01) 130
• 8 Ryerson CJ, Vittinghoff E, Ley B. , et al. Predicting survival across chronic interstitial lung disease: the ILD-GAP model. Chest 2014; 145 (04) 723-728
• 9 Ståhl E, Lindberg A, Jansson S-A. , et al. Health-related quality of life is related to COPD disease severity. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2005; 3 (01) 56
• 10 Weill D, Benden C, Corris PA. , et al. A consensus document for the selection of lung transplant candidates: 2014--an update from the Pulmonary Transplantation Council of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2015; 34 (01) 1-15
• 11 Valapour M, Skeans MA, Smith JM. , et al. OPTN/SRTR 2015 Annual Data Report: lung. Am J Transplant 2017; 17 (Suppl. 01) 357-424
• 12 Paraskeva MA, Edwards LB, Levvey B. , et al. Outcomes of adolescent recipients after lung transplantation: an analysis of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation Registry. J Heart Lung Transplant 2017; pii: S1053-2498(17)31626-1
• 13 Singer LG, Chowdhury NA, Faughnan ME. , et al. Effects of recipient age and diagnosis on health-related quality-of-life benefit of lung transplantation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 192 (08) 965-973
• 14 TenVergert EM, Essink-Bot ML, Geertsma A, van Enckevort PJ, de Boer WJ, van der Bij W. The effect of lung transplantation on health-related quality of life: a longitudinal study. Chest 1998; 113 (02) 358-364
• 15 Stehlik J, Bavaria JE, Bax J. , et al. Heart, lung, and vascular registries: evolving goals, successful approaches, and ongoing innovation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2016; 35 (10) 1149-1157
• 16 Singer JP, Katz PP, Soong A. , et al. Effect of lung transplantation on health-related quality of life in the era of the lung allocation score: a U.S. prospective cohort study. Am J Transplant 2017; 17 (05) 1334-1345
• 17 Rana A, Gruessner A, Agopian VG. , et al. Survival benefit of solid-organ transplant in the United States. JAMA Surg 2015; 150 (03) 252-259
• 18 Hardy JD, Eraslan S, Webb WR. Transplantation of the lung. Ann Surg 1964; 160: 440-448
• 19 Hardy JD. The first lung transplant in man (1963) and the first heart transplant in man (1964). Transplant Proc 1999; 31 (1-2): 25-29
• 20 Hardy JD, Webb WR, Dalton Jr ML, Walker Jr GR. Lung homotransplantation in man. JAMA 1963; 186: 1065-1074
• 21 Derom F, Barbier F, Ringoir S. , et al. Ten-month survival after lung homotransplantation in man. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1971; 61 (06) 835-846
• 22 Toronto Lung Transplant Group. Unilateral lung transplantation for pulmonary fibrosis. N Engl J Med 1986; 314 (18) 1140-1145
• 23 Tabarelli W, Bonatti H, Tabarelli D. , et al. Long term complications following 54 consecutive lung transplants. J Thorac Dis 2016; 8 (06) 1234-1244
• 24 Kolaitis NA, Duffy E, Zhang A. , et al. Voriconazole increases the risk for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma after lung transplantation. Transpl Int 2017; 30 (01) 41-48
• 25 Singer JP, Boker A, Metchnikoff C. , et al. High cumulative dose exposure to voriconazole is associated with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in lung transplant recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2012; 31 (07) 694-699
• 26 DerHovanessian A, Todd JL, Zhang A. , et al. Validation and refinement of chronic lung allograft dysfunction phenotypes in bilateral and single lung recipients. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2016; 13 (05) 627-635
• 27 Yusen RD. Lung transplantation outcomes: the importance and inadequacies of assessing survival. Am J Transplant 2009; 9 (07) 1493-1494
• 28 Yusen RD. Technology and outcomes assessment in lung transplantation. Proc Am Thorac Soc 2009; 6 (01) 128-136
• 29 Punch JD, Hayes DH, LaPorte FB, McBride V, Seely MS. Organ donation and utilization in the United States, 1996-2005. Am J Transplant 2007; 7 (5 Pt 2, s1): 1327-1338
• 30 Klein AS, Messersmith EE, Ratner LE, Kochik R, Baliga PK, Ojo AO. Organ donation and utilization in the United States, 1999-2008. Am J Transplant 2010; 10 (4 Pt 2): 973-986
• 31 Allyn PR, Duffy EL, Humphries RM. , et al. Graft loss and CLAD-onset is hastened by viral pneumonia after lung transplantation. Transplantation 2016; 100 (11) 2424-2431
• 32 Maxwell BG, Levitt JE, Goldstein BA. , et al. Impact of the lung allocation score on survival beyond 1 year. Am J Transplant 2014; 14 (10) 2288-2294
• 33 Force SD, Kilgo P, Neujahr DC. , et al. Bilateral lung transplantation offers better long-term survival, compared with single-lung transplantation, for younger patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Ann Thorac Surg 2011; 91 (01) 244-249
• 34 Hosenpud JD, Bennett LE, Keck BM, Edwards EB, Novick RJ. Effect of diagnosis on survival benefit of lung transplantation for end-stage lung disease. Lancet 1998; 351 (9095): 24-27
• 35 Hayes Jr D, Glanville AR, McGiffin D, Tobias JD, Tumin D. Age-related survival disparity associated with lung transplantation in cystic fibrosis: an analysis of the registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2016; 35 (09) 1108-1115
• 36 Schaffer JM, Singh SK, Reitz BA, Zamanian RT, Mallidi HR. Single- vs double-lung transplantation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis since the implementation of lung allocation based on medical need. JAMA 2015; 313 (09) 936-948
• 37 Conte JV, Borja MJ, Patel CB, Yang SC, Jhaveri RM, Orens JB. Lung transplantation for primary and secondary pulmonary hypertension. Ann Thorac Surg 2001; 72 (05) 1673-1679 , discussion 1679–1680
• 38 Toyoda Y, Thacker J, Santos R. , et al. Long-term outcome of lung and heart-lung transplantation for idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Ann Thorac Surg 2008; 86 (04) 1116-1122
• 39 Bennett DT, Zamora M, Reece TB. , et al. Continued utility of single-lung transplantation in select populations: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Ann Thorac Surg 2015; 100 (02) 437-442
• 40 Gerbase MW, Spiliopoulos A, Rochat T, Archinard M, Nicod LP. Health-related quality of life following single or bilateral lung transplantation: a 7-year comparison to functional outcome. Chest 2005; 128 (03) 1371-1378
• 41 Weiss ES, Allen JG, Merlo CA, Conte JV, Shah AS. Survival after single versus bilateral lung transplantation for high-risk patients with pulmonary fibrosis. Ann Thorac Surg 2009; 88 (05) 1616-1625 , discussion 1625–1626
• 42 Schnitzler MA, Whiting JF, Brennan DC. , et al. The life-years saved by a deceased organ donor. Am J Transplant 2005; 5 (09) 2289-2296
• 43 Vock DM, Durheim MT, Tsuang WM. , et al. Survival benefit of lung transplantation in the modern era of lung allocation. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2017; 14 (02) 172-181
• 44 Picciotto S, Hernán MA, Page JH, Young JG, Robins JM. Structural nested cumulative failure time models to estimate the effects of interventions. J Am Stat Assoc 2012; 107 (499) 886-900
• 45 Gottlieb J, Warnecke G, Hadem J. , et al. Outcome of critically ill lung transplant candidates on invasive respiratory support. Intensive Care Med 2012; 38 (06) 968-975
• 46 Chiumello D, Coppola S, Froio S, Colombo A, Del Sorbo L. Extracorporeal life support as bridge to lung transplantation: a systematic review. Crit Care 2015; 19 (01) 19
• 47 Titman A, Rogers CA, Bonser RS, Banner NR, Sharples LD. Disease-specific survival benefit of lung transplantation in adults: a national cohort study. Am J Transplant 2009; 9 (07) 1640-1649
• 48 Maldonado DA, RoyChoudhury A, Lederer DJ. A novel patient-centered “intention-to-treat” metric of U.S. lung transplant center performance. Am J Transplant 2017 (e-pub ahead of print)
• 49 Weiss ES, Allen JG, Meguid RA. , et al. The impact of center volume on survival in lung transplantation: an analysis of more than 10,000 cases. Ann Thorac Surg 2009; 88 (04) 1062-1070
• 50 Hayes Jr D, Hartwig MG, Tobias JD, Tumin D. Lung transplant center volume ameliorates adverse influence of prolonged ischemic time on mortality. Am J Transplant 2017; 17 (01) 218-226
• 51 Hayanga JA, Lira A, Vlahu T. , et al. Procedural volume and survival after lung transplantation in the United States: the need to look beyond volume in the establishment of quality metrics. Am J Surg 2016; 211 (04) 671-676
• 52 Khan MS, Zhang W, Taylor RA. , et al. Survival in pediatric lung transplantation: the effect of center volume and expertise. J Heart Lung Transplant 2015; 34 (08) 1073-1081
• 53 Thabut G, Christie JD, Kremers WK, Fournier M, Halpern SD. Survival differences following lung transplantation among US transplant centers. JAMA 2010; 304 (01) 53-60
• 54 Kilic A, George TJ, Beaty CA, Merlo CA, Conte JV, Shah AS. The effect of center volume on the incidence of postoperative complications and their impact on survival after lung transplantation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2012; 144 (06) 1502-1508 , discussion 1508–1509
• 55 Hayes Jr D, Tobias JD, Tumin D. Center volume and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support at lung transplantation in the lung allocation score era. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2016; 194 (03) 317-326
• 56 Mooney JJ, Weill D, Boyd JH, Nicolls MR, Bhattacharya J, Dhillon GS. Effect of transplant center volume on cost and readmissions in Medicare lung transplant recipients. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2016; 13 (07) 1034-1041
• 57 Egan TM, Murray S, Bustami RT. , et al. Development of the new lung allocation system in the United States. Am J Transplant 2006; 6 (5 Pt 2): 1212-1227
• 58 Egan TM, Edwards LB. Effect of the lung allocation score on lung transplantation in the United States. J Heart Lung Transplant 2016; 35 (04) 433-439
• 59 George TJ, Beaty CA, Kilic A, Shah PD, Merlo CA, Shah AS. Outcomes and temporal trends among high-risk patients after lung transplantation in the United States. J Heart Lung Transplant 2012; 31 (11) 1182-1191
• 60 Kozower BD, Meyers BF, Smith MA. , et al. The impact of the lung allocation score on short-term transplantation outcomes: a multicenter study. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2008; 135 (01) 166-171
• 61 Chen H, Shiboski SC, Golden JA. , et al. Impact of the lung allocation score on lung transplantation for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2009; 180 (05) 468-474
• 62 Gomberg-Maitland M, Glassner-Kolmin C, Watson S. , et al. Survival in pulmonary arterial hypertension patients awaiting lung transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2013; 32 (12) 1179-1186
• 63 Benza RL, Miller DP, Frost A, Barst RJ, Krichman AM, McGoon MD. Analysis of the lung allocation score estimation of risk of death in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension using data from the REVEAL Registry. Transplantation 2010; 90 (03) 298-305
• 64 Iribarne A, Meltzer DO, Chauhan D. , et al. Distribution of donor lungs in the United States: a case for broader geographic sharing. Clin Transplant 2016; 30 (06) 688-693
• 65 Russo MJ, Meltzer D, Merlo A. , et al. Local allocation of lung donors results in transplanting lungs in lower priority transplant recipients. Ann Thorac Surg 2013; 95 (04) 1231-1234 , discussion 1234–1235
• 66 Tsuang WM, Chan KM, Skeans MA. , et al. Broader geographic sharing of pediatric donor lungs improves pediatric access to transplant. Am J Transplant 2016; 16 (03) 930-937
• 67 Nguyen VP, Givens RC, Cheng RK. , et al. Effect of regional competition on heart transplant waiting list outcomes. J Heart Lung Transplant 2016; 35 (08) 986-994
• 68 Gottlieb J, Greer M, Sommerwerck U. , et al. Introduction of the lung allocation score in Germany. Am J Transplant 2014; 14 (06) 1318-1327
• 69 Cypel M, Levvey B, Van Raemdonck D. , et al; International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation Donation After Circulatory Death Registry Report. J Heart Lung Transplant 2015; 34 (10) 1278-1282
• 70 van Suylen V, Luijk B, Hoek RAS. , et al. A multicenter study on long-term outcomes after lung transplantation comparing donation after circulatory death and donation after brain death. Am J Transplant 2017; 17 (10) 2679-2686
• 71 Domínguez-Gil B, Haase-Kromwijk B, Van Leiden H. , et al; European Committee (Partial Agreement) on Organ Transplantation. Council of Europe (CD-P-TO). Current situation of donation after circulatory death in European countries. Transpl Int 2011; 24 (07) 676-686
• 72 Hodgson R, Young AL, Attia MA, Lodge JPA. Impact of a National Controlled Donation after Circulatory Death (DCD) Program on Organ Donation in the United Kingdom: a 10-year study. Am J Transplant 2017
• 73 Gaffey AC, Doll SL, Thomasson AM. , et al. Transplantation of “high-risk” donor hearts: Implications for infection. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2016; 152 (01) 213-220
• 74 Bansal S, Hayanga J, Odell J. , et al. Risky business: taking the stigma out of high-risk donation in lung transplantation. Ann Thorac Surg 2015; 100 (05) 1787-1793 , discussion 1793–1794
• 75 Cypel M, Yeung JC, Hirayama S. , et al. Technique for prolonged normothermic ex vivo lung perfusion. J Heart Lung Transplant 2008; 27 (12) 1319-1325
• 76 Yeung JC, Krueger T, Yasufuku K. , et al. Outcomes after transplantation of lungs preserved for more than 12 h: a retrospective study. Lancet Respir Med 2017; 5 (02) 119-124
• 77 Cypel M, Yeung JC, Liu M. , et al. Normothermic ex vivo lung perfusion in clinical lung transplantation. N Engl J Med 2011; 364 (15) 1431-1440
• 78 Slama A, Schillab L, Barta M. , et al. Standard donor lung procurement with normothermic ex vivo lung perfusion: a prospective randomized clinical trial. J Heart Lung Transplant 2017; 36 (07) 744-753
• 79 Machuca TN, Cypel M. Ex vivo lung perfusion. J Thorac Dis 2014; 6 (08) 1054-1062
• 80 Krivchenia K, Tumin D, Tobias JD, Hayes Jr D. Increased mortality in adult cystic fibrosis patients with Medicaid insurance awaiting lung transplantation. Lung 2016; 194 (05) 799-806
• 81 Merlo CA, Clark SC, Arnaoutakis GJ. , et al. National healthcare delivery systems influence lung transplant outcomes for cystic fibrosis. Am J Transplant 2015; 15 (07) 1948-1957
• 82 Ramos KJ, Quon BS, Psoter KJ. , et al. Predictors of non-referral of patients with cystic fibrosis for lung transplant evaluation in the United States. J Cyst Fibros 2016; 15 (02) 196-203
• 83 Quon BS, Psoter K, Mayer-Hamblett N, Aitken ML, Li CI, Goss CH. Disparities in access to lung transplantation for patients with cystic fibrosis by socioeconomic status. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2012; 186 (10) 1008-1013
• 84 Allen JG, Arnaoutakis GJ, Orens JB. , et al. Insurance status is an independent predictor of long-term survival after lung transplantation in the United States. J Heart Lung Transplant 2011; 30 (01) 45-53
• 85 Castleberry AW, Bishawi M, Worni M. , et al. Medication nonadherence after lung transplantation in adult recipients. Ann Thorac Surg 2017; 103 (01) 274-280
• 86 Frank L, Basch E, Selby JV. ; Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute. The PCORI perspective on patient-centered outcomes research. JAMA 2014; 312 (15) 1513-1514
• 87 Reeve BB, Wyrwich KW, Wu AW. , et al. ISOQOL recommends minimum standards for patient-reported outcome measures used in patient-centered outcomes and comparative effectiveness research. Qual Life Res 2013; 22 (08) 1889-1905
• 88 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services FDA Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services FDA Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services FDA Center for Devices and Radiological Health. Guidance for industry: patient-reported outcome measures: use in medical product development to support labeling claims: draft guidance. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2006; 4 (01) 79
• 89 Karimi M, Brazier J. Health, health-related quality of life, and quality of life: what is the difference?. Pharmacoeconomics 2016; 34 (07) 645-649
• 90 Curtis JR, Martin DP, Martin TR. Patient-assessed health outcomes in chronic lung disease: what are they, how do they help us, and where do we go from here?. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997; 156 (4 Pt 1): 1032-1039
• 91 Doward LC, McKenna SP. Defining patient-reported outcomes. Value Health 2004; 7 (Suppl. 01) S4-S8
• 92 Jones PW, Quirk FH, Baveystock CM, Littlejohns P. A self-complete measure of health status for chronic airflow limitation. The St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire. Am Rev Respir Dis 1992; 145 (06) 1321-1327
• 93 Chen H, Eisner MD, Katz PP, Yelin EH, Blanc PD. Measuring disease-specific quality of life in obstructive airway disease: validation of a modified version of the airways questionnaire 20. Chest 2006; 129 (06) 1644-1652
• 94 Ware Jr JE, Sherbourne CD. The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36). I. Conceptual framework and item selection. Med Care 1992; 30 (06) 473-483
• 95 Singer JP, Singer LG. Quality of life in lung transplantation. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2013; 34 (03) 421-430
• 96 Beresniak A, Dupont D. Is there an alternative to quality-adjusted life years for supporting healthcare decision making?. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res 2016; 16 (03) 351-357
• 97 Norman GR, Sloan JA, Wyrwich KW. Interpretation of changes in health-related quality of life: the remarkable universality of half a standard deviation. Med Care 2003; 41 (05) 582-592
• 98 O'Brien BJ, Banner NR, Gibson S, Yacoub MH. The Nottingham Health Profile as a measure of quality of life following combined heart and lung transplantation. J Epidemiol Community Health 1988; 42 (03) 232-234
• 99 Caine N, Sharples LD, Smyth R. , et al. Survival and quality of life of cystic fibrosis patients before and after heart-lung transplantation. Transplant Proc 1991; 23 (1 Pt 2): 1203-1204
• 100 Busschbach JJ, Horikx PE, van den Bosch JM, Brutel de la Rivière A, de Charro FT. Measuring the quality of life before and after bilateral lung transplantation in patients with cystic fibrosis. Chest 1994; 105 (03) 911-917
• 101 MacNaughton KL, Rodrigue JR, Cicale M, Staples EM. Health-related quality of life and symptom frequency before and after lung transplantation. Clin Transplant 1998; 12 (04) 320-323
• 102 Lanuza DM, Lefaiver C, Mc Cabe M, Farcas GA, Garrity Jr E. Prospective study of functional status and quality of life before and after lung transplantation. Chest 2000; 118 (01) 115-122
• 103 Rodrigue JR, Baz MA, Kanasky Jr WF, MacNaughton KL. Does lung transplantation improve health-related quality of life? The University of Florida experience. J Heart Lung Transplant 2005; 24 (06) 755-763
• 104 Eskander A, Waddell TK, Faughnan ME, Chowdhury N, Singer LG. BODE index and quality of life in advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease before and after lung transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2011; 30 (12) 1334-1341
• 105 Vermeulen KM, Ouwens JP, van der Bij W, de Boer WJ, Koëter GH, TenVergert EM. Long-term quality of life in patients surviving at least 55 months after lung transplantation. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2003; 25 (02) 95-102
• 106 Finlen Copeland CA, Vock DM, Pieper K, Mark DB, Palmer SM. Impact of lung transplantation on recipient quality of life: a serial, prospective, multicenter analysis through the first posttransplant year. Chest 2013; 143 (03) 744-750
• 107 Vermeulen KM, TenVergert EM, Verschuuren EAM, Erasmus ME, van der Bij W. Pre-transplant quality of life does not predict survival after lung transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2008; 27 (06) 623-627
• 108 Langer D, Burtin C, Schepers L. , et al. Exercise training after lung transplantation improves participation in daily activity: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Transplant 2012; 12 (06) 1584-1592
• 109 Kugler C, Fischer S, Gottlieb J. , et al. Health-related quality of life in two hundred-eighty lung transplant recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2005; 24 (12) 2262-2268
• 110 Ricotti S, Vitulo P, Petrucci L, Oggionni T, Klersy C. ; Italian Group on QoL in Lung Transplant. Determinants of quality of life after lung transplant: an Italian collaborative study. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 2006; 65 (01) 5-12
• 111 Seiler A, Jenewein J, Martin-Soelch C. , et al. Post-transplant outcome-clusters of psychological distress and health-related quality of life in lung transplant recipients. Swiss Med Wkly 2015; 145: w14236
• 112 Vasiliadis H-M, Collet J-P, Penrod JR, Ferraro P, Poirier C. A cost-effectiveness and cost-utility study of lung transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2005; 24 (09) 1275-1283
• 113 Santana MJ, Feeny D, Ghosh S, Lien DC. Patient-reported outcome 2 years after lung transplantation: does the underlying diagnosis matter?. Patient Relat Outcome Meas 2012; 3: 79-84
• 114 Singer LG, Gould MK, Tomlinson G, Theodore J. Determinants of health utility in lung and heart-lung transplant recipients. Am J Transplant 2005; 5 (01) 103-109
• 115 Rodrigue JR, Baz MA. Are there sex differences in health-related quality of life after lung transplantation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?. J Heart Lung Transplant 2006; 25 (01) 120-125
• 116 Kugler C, Fischer S, Gottlieb J. , et al. Symptom experience after lung transplantation: impact on quality of life and adherence. Clin Transplant 2007; 21 (05) 590-596
• 117 Chen F, Oga T, Yamada T. , et al. Lung allocation score and health-related quality of life in Japanese candidates for lung transplantation. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2015; 21 (01) 28-33
• 118 Kolaitis NA, Huang D, Soong A. , et al. ECMO Prior to Lung Transplantation Does Not Impact Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQL) After Transplant. J Hear Lung Transplant 2017; 36 (04) S72-S73
• 119 Lansink-Hartgring AO, van der Bij W, Verschuuren EA. , et al. Extracorporeal life support as a bridge to lung transplantation: a single-center experience with an emphasis on health-related quality of life. Respir Care 2017; 62 (05) 588-594
• 120 Anyanwu AC, McGuire A, Rogers CA, Murday AJ. Assessment of quality of life in lung transplantation using a simple generic tool. Thorax 2001; 56 (03) 218-222
• 121 van Den BERG JW, Geertsma A, van Der BIJ W. , et al. Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after lung transplantation and health-related quality of life. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000; 161 (06) 1937-1941
• 122 Vermeulen KM, Groen H, van der Bij W, Erasmus ME, Koëter GH, TenVergert EM. The effect of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome on health related quality of life. Clin Transplant 2004; 18 (04) 377-383
• 123 Dew MA, Rosenberger EM, Myaskovsky L. , et al. Depression and anxiety as risk factors for morbidity and mortality after organ transplantation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Transplantation 2015; 100 (05) 988-1003
• 124 Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB. The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med 2001; 16 (09) 606-613
• 125 Stilley CS, Dew MA, Stukas AA. , et al. Psychological symptom levels and their correlates in lung and heart-lung transplant recipients. Psychosomatics 1999; 40 (06) 503-509
• 126 De Vito Dabbs A, Dew MA, Stilley CS. , et al. Psychosocial vulnerability, physical symptoms and physical impairment after lung and heart-lung transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2003; 22 (11) 1268-1275
• 127 Girard F, Chouinard P, Boudreault D. , et al. Prevalence and impact of pain on the quality of life of lung transplant recipients: a prospective observational study. Chest 2006; 130 (05) 1535-1540
• 128 Archonti C, D'Amelio R, Klein T, Schäfers H-J, Sybrecht GW, Wilkens H. Gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität und soziale Unterstützung bei Patienten auf der Warteliste und nach einer Lungentransplantation. Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol 2004; 54 (01) 17-22
• 129 Smith PJ, Blumenthal JA, Snyder LD. , et al. Depressive symptoms and early mortality following lung transplantation: A pilot study. Clin Transplant 2017; 31 (02) e12874
• 130 Cohen L, Littlefield C, Kelly P, Maurer J, Abbey S. Predictors of quality of life and adjustment after lung transplantation. Chest 1998; 113 (03) 633-644
• 131 Limbos MM, Joyce DP, Chan CK, Kesten S. Psychological functioning and quality of life in lung transplant candidates and recipients. Chest 2000; 118 (02) 408-416
• 132 Köllner V, Schade I, Maulhardt T, Maercker A, Joraschky P, Gulielmos V. Posttraumatic stress disorder and quality of life after heart or lung transplantation. Transplant Proc 2002; 34 (06) 2192-2193
• 133 Parekh PI, Blumenthal JA, Babyak MA. , et al; INSPIRE Investigators. Psychiatric disorder and quality of life in patients awaiting lung transplantation. Chest 2003; 124 (05) 1682-1688
• 134 Schure MB, Borson S, Nguyen HQ. , et al. Associations of cognition with physical functioning and health-related quality of life among COPD patients. Respir Med 2016; 114: 46-52
• 135 Hoffman BM, Blumenthal JA, Carney RC. , et al. Changes in neurocognitive functioning following lung transplantation. Am J Transplant 2012; 12 (09) 2519-2525
• 136 Smith PJ, Blumenthal JA, Carney RM. , et al. Neurobehavioral functioning and survival following lung transplantation. Chest 2014; 145 (03) 604-611
• 137 Smith PJ, Rivelli S, Waters A. , et al. Neurocognitive changes after lung transplantation. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2014; 11 (10) 1520-1527
• 138 De Baere C, Delva D, Kloeck A. , et al. Return to work and social participation: does type of organ transplantation matter?. Transplantation 2010; 89 (08) 1009-1015
• 139 Suhling H, Knuth C, Haverich A, Lingner H, Welte T, Gottlieb J. Employment after lung transplantation--a single-center cross-sectional study. Dtsch Arztebl Int 2015; 112 (13) 213-219
• 140 Paris W, Diercks M, Bright J. , et al. Return to work after lung transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 1998; 17 (04) 430-436
• 141 Cicutto L, Braidy C, Moloney S, Hutcheon M, Holness DL, Downey GP. Factors affecting attainment of paid employment after lung transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2004; 23 (04) 481-486
• 142 Nau M, Shrider EA, Tobias JD, Hayes Jr D, Tumin D. High local unemployment rates limit work after lung transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2016; 35 (10) 1212-1219
• 143 Ihle F, Neurohr C, Huppmann P. , et al; Munich Lung Transplant Group. Effect of inpatient rehabilitation on quality of life and exercise capacity in long-term lung transplant survivors: a prospective, randomized study. J Heart Lung Transplant 2011; 30 (08) 912-919
• 144 Vivodtzev I, Pison C, Guerrero K. , et al. Benefits of home-based endurance training in lung transplant recipients. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2011; 177 (02) 189-198
• 145 DeVito Dabbs A, Dew MA, Myers B. , et al. Evaluation of a hand-held, computer-based intervention to promote early self-care behaviors after lung transplant. Clin Transplant 2009; 23 (04) 537-545
• 146 Myaskovsky L, Dew MA, McNulty ML. , et al. Trajectories of change in quality of life in 12-month survivors of lung or heart transplant. Am J Transplant 2006; 6 (08) 1939-1947
• 147 DeVito Dabbs A, Terhorst L, Song M-K. , et al. Quality of recipient-caregiver relationship and psychological distress are correlates of self-care agency after lung transplantation. Clin Transplant 2013; 27 (01) 113-120
• 148 Irani S, Mahler C, Goetzmann L, Russi EW, Boehler A. Lung transplant recipients holding companion animals: impact on physical health and quality of life. Am J Transplant 2006; 6 (02) 404-411
• 149 Claar RL, Parekh PI, Palmer SM. , et al. Emotional distress and quality of life in caregivers of patients awaiting lung transplant. J Psychosom Res 2005; 59 (01) 1-6
• 150 Rodrigue JR, Baz MA. Waiting for lung transplantation: quality of life, mood, caregiving strain and benefit, and social intimacy of spouses. Clin Transplant 2007; 21 (06) 722-727
• 151 Rodrigue JR, Widows MR, Baz MA. Caregivers of lung transplant candidates: do they benefit when the patient is receiving psychological services?. Prog Transplant 2006; 16 (04) 336-342
• 152 Myaskovsky L, Posluszny DM, Schulz R. , et al. Predictors and outcomes of health-related quality of life in caregivers of cardiothoracic transplant recipients. Am J Transplant 2012; 12 (12) 3387-3397