Subscribe to RSS
Please copy the URL and add it into your RSS Feed Reader.
https://www.thieme-connect.de/rss/thieme/en/10.1055-s-00035024.xml
Download PDF
Thromb Haemost 1999; 82(02): 392-398
DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1615858
DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1615858
Research Article
The Elegant Platelet: Signals Controlling Actin Assembly
Further Information
Publication History
Publication Date:
09 December 2017 (online)
Summary
The function of the blood platelet is defined by its two physical states. The platelet is born in the first state, in long cytoplasmic extensions from megakaryocytes, as a small disc of reproducible structure having an elegant, actin-based cytoskeleton. At rest, the platelet circulates through the vasculature in this form. In the second state, in response to vascular damage, the platelet rapidly converts into its active form with filopodia and lamellipodia that derive from a remodeled actin skeleton and a massive assembly of new actin filaments. In the last two decades, we have begun to understand the structural basis for these two platelet states, the role of specific proteins that define the architecture of both shapes, and the proteins and signals that drive this conversion of shapes.
-
References
- 1 Nachmias VT, Yoshida K-I. The cytoskeleton of the blood platelet: a dynamic structure. Adv Cell Biol 1988; 2: 181-XXX.
- 2 Hartwig J, DeSisto M. The cytoskeleton of the resting human blood platelet: structure of the membrane skeleton and its attachment to actin filaments. J Cell Biol 1991; 112: 407-425.
- 3 Barkalow K, Witke W, Kwiatkowski D, Hartwig J. Coordinated regulation of platelet actin filament barbed ends by gelsolin and capping protein. J Cell Biol 1996; 134: 389-399.
- 4 Davidson M, Haslam R. Dephosphorylation of cofilin in stimulated platelets roles for GTP-binding protein and Ca2+ . Biochem J 1994; 301: 41-47.
- 5 White J. Effects of colchicine and vinca alkaloids on human platelets. Am J Pathol 1968; 53: 281-291.
- 6 Kenney D, Linck R. The cytoskeleton of unstimulated blood platelets: structure and composition of the isolated marginal microtubular band. J Cell Sci 1985; 78: 1-22.
- 7 Fox J, Reynolds C, Morrow J, Phillips D. Spectrin is associated with membrane-bound actin filaments in platelets and is hydrolyzed by the Ca2+-dependent protease during platelet activation. Blood 1987; 69: 537-545.
- 8 Fox J, Boyles J, Berndt M, Steffen P, Anderson L. Identification of a membrane skeleton in platelets. J Cell Biol 1988; 106: 1525-1538.
- 9 Fox J, Lamperti E, Eksioglu Y, Hong S, Scheffer I, Dobyns W, Hirsch B, Radtke R, Berkovic S, Huttenlocher P, Walsh C. Mutations in filamin 1 arrest migration of cerebral cortical neurons in human periventricular heterotopia. Neuron. In press.
- 10 Andrews R, Fox J. Interaction of purified actin-binding protein with the platelet membrane glycoprotein Ib-IX complex. J Biol Chem 1991; 266: 7144-7147.
- 11 Andrews R, Fox J. Identification of a region in the cytoplasmic domain of the platelet membrane glycoprotein Ib-IX complex that binds to purified actin-binding protein. J Cell Biol 1992; 267: 18605-18611.
- 12 Ezzell R, Kenney D, Egan S, Stossel T, Hartwig J. Localization of the domain of actin-binding protein that binds to membrane glycoprotein Ib and actin in human platelets. J Biol Chem 1988; 263: 13303-13309.
- 13 Meyer S, Zuerbig S, Cunningham C, Hartwig J, Bissel T, Gardner K, Fox J. Identification of the region in actin-binding protein that binds to the cytoplasmic domain of glycoprotein Ibα. J Biol Chem 1997; 272: 2914-2919.
- 14 Zucker-Franklin D. The ultrastructure of megakaryocytes and platelets. In: Gordon A. ed. Regulation of Hematopoiesis. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts: 1970: 1553-XXXX.
- 15 Choi E, Nichol JL, Hokom MM, Hornkohl AC, Hunt P. Platelets generated in vitro from proplatelet-displaying human megakaryocytes are functional. Blood 1995; 85: 402-413.
- 16 Lecine P, Villeval JL, Paresh V, Swencki B, Xu Y, Shivdasani R. Mice lacking transcription factor NF-E2 provide in vivo validation of the proplatelet model of thrombocytopoiesis and show a platelet production defect that is intrinsic to megakaryocytes. Blood. In press.
- 17 Becker RP, DeBruyn PP. The transmural passage of blood cells into myeloid sinusoids and the entry of platelets into the sinusoidal circulation: a scanning electron microscopic investigation. Am J Anat 1976; 145: 183-205.
- 18 Radley JM, Scurfield G. The mechanism of platelet release. Blood 1980; 56: 996-999.
- 19 Lind SE, Janmey PA, Chaponnier C, Herbert T-J, Stossel TP. Reversible binding of actin to gelsolin and profilin in human platelet extracts. J Cell Biol 1987; 105: 833-842.
- 20 Hartwig J. Mechanism of actin rearrangements mediating platelet activation. J Cell Biol 1992; 118: 1421-1442.
- 21 Witke W, Sharpe A, Hartwig J, Azuma T, Stossel T, Kwiatkowski D. Hemostatic, inflammatory, and fibroblast responses are blunted in mice lacking gelsolin. Cell 1995; 81: 41-51.
- 22 Kovacsovics T, Hartwig J. Thrombin-induced GP Ib-IX centralization on the platelet surface requires actin assembly and myosin II activation. Blood 1996; 87: 618-629.
- 23 Nachmias V, Golla R, Casella J, Barron-Casella E. Cap Z, a calcium insensitive capping protein in resting and activated platelets. FEBS Lett 1996; 378: 258-262.
- 24 Cassimeris L, McNeill H, Zigmond S. Chemoattractant-stimulated polymorphonuclear leukocytes contain two populations of actin filaments that differ in their spatial distributions and relative stabilities. J Cell Biol 1990; 110: 1067-1075.
- 25 Carson M, Weber A, Zigmond S. An actin-nucleating activity in polymorphonuclear leukocytes is modulated by chemotactic peptides. J Cell Biol 1986; 103: 2707-2714.
- 26 Nachmias V, Cassimeris L, Golla R, Safer D. Thymosin beta 4 (Tβ4) in activated platelets. Eur J Cell Biol 1993; 61: 314-320.
- 27 Nachmias V. Small actin-binding proteins: the β-thymosin family. Curr Opin Cell Biol 1993; 5: 56-62.
- 28 Janmey P, Stossel T. Modulation of gelsolin function by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. Nature 1987; 325: 362-364.
- 29 Hartwig J, Kung S, Kovacsovics T, Janmey P, Cantley L, Stossel T, Toker A. D3 phosphoinositides and outside-in integrin signaling by GP IIb/IIIa mediate platelet actin assembly and filopodial extension induced by phorbol 1,2-myristate 1,3-acetate. J Biol Chem 1996; 271: 32986-32993.
- 30 Hartwig J, Bokoch G, Carpenter C, Janmey P, Taylor L, Toker A, Stossel T. Thrombin receptor ligation and activated Rac uncap actin filament barbed ends through phosphoinositide synthesis in permeabilized human platelets. Cell 1995; 82: 643-653.
- 31 Kovacsovics T, Bachelot C, Toker A, Vlahos C, Duckworth B, Cantley L, Hartwig J. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibition spares actin assembly in activating platelets, but reverses platelet aggregation. J Biol Chem 1995; 270: 11358-11366.
- 32 Miranti C, Leng L, Maschberger P, Brugge J, Shattil S. Identification of a novel integrin signaling pathway involving the kinase Syk and the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Vavl. Curr Biol 1998; 8: 1289-1299.
- 33 White J, Krivit W. An ultrastructural basis for the shape changes induced in platelets by chilling. Blood 1967; 30: 625-635.
- 34 Winokur R, Hartwig J. Mechanism of shape change in chilled human platelets. Blood 1995; 85: 1796-1804.
- 35 Tablin F, Oliver A, Walker N, Crowe L, Crowe J. Membrane phase transition of intact human platelets: correlation with cold-induced activation. J Cell Physiol 1996; 168: 305-313.
- 36 Welch M, DePace A, Verma S, Iwamatsu A, Mitchison T. The human Arp2/3 complex is composed of evolutionarily conserved subunits and is localized to cellular regions of dynamic actin filament assembly. J Cell Biol 1997; 138: 375-384.