Infantile Hämangiome

Zusammenfassung

Infantile Hämangiome sind mit einer Prävalenz von 2,6–4,5 % die häufigsten Tumoren des Säuglings- und Kleinkindesalters. Im Gegensatz zu vielen anderen Tumoren haben sie nach einer anfänglichen Proliferationsphase die Eigenschaft einer spontanen Remission durch Involution. Ein Großteil der Hämangiome kann diese Abfolge spontan durchlaufen, ohne dass therapeutisch interveniert werden muss. Bei einem kleinen Teil der Hämangiome kommt es jedoch schon frühzeitig zu Komplikationen, welche selten lebensbedrohlich sein können, aber oft bleibende funktionelle Schäden, Schmerzen oder dauerhaft entstellende Befunde hinterlassen. Die Herausforderung für den niedergelassenen Pädiater ist es, diese Fälle frühzeitig zu erkennen und einer entsprechenden Therapie zuzuführen. Dabei stehen je nach Lage und Art des Hämangioms sowie der Größe, welche auch vom Zeitpunkt der Erstpräsentation abhängt, unterschiedliche therapeutische Optionen zur Verfügung. Gerade in der sehr frühen Phase lassen sich manchmal sowohl Folgeschäden als auch Therapieintensität und -dauer positiv beeinflussen.

In diesem Artikel sollen Eigenschaften infantiler Hämangiome, Entwicklungsverlauf und therapeutische Modalitäten daher aktualisiert besprochen werden.

Summary

Infantile hemangiomas, with a prevalence of 2.6 to 4.5 %, are the most common benign tumors of infancy. Following an initial period of proliferation they have the capability of spontaneous remission by involution. The majority of infantile hemangiomas will pass through this sequence without need of intervention. In a small percentage of infantile hemangiomas, however, complications can occur, which rarely may be life threatening, but often leave permanent functional damage, pain or disfigurement. The challenge for the pediatrician is to identify these cases at an early stage and to initiate adequate therapy. Depending on the localization, subtype and size of infantile hemangioma, where size varies with the time of first presentation, different therapeutic options are available. Especially in the very early stages possible distortion, tissue damage as well as treatment intensity and duration can be influenced positively. This article will summarize and update the current knowledge on properties, development, diagnostics and therapy of infantile hemangiomas.

Schlüsselwörter

Infantiles Hämangiom - vaskulärer Tumor - vaskuläre Anomalien

Keywords

Infantile hemangioma - vascular tumor - vascular anomalies

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