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Nervenheilkunde 2016; 35(02): 13-18
DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1616352
Kompetenznetz Schlaganfall
Schattauer GmbH

Schlafstörungen nach Schlaganfall

Post-stroke sleep disorders
F. Salih
1   Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin
,
P. Grosse
1   Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

eingegangen am: 21 September 2015

angenommen am: 23 September 2015

Publication Date:
10 January 2018 (online)

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Zusammenfassung

Zu den häufigsten Schlafstörungen nach einem Schlaganfall zählen die schlafbezogenen Atmungsstörungen (ca. 70%), die Schlaf-Wach-Störungen (10% bis 50%) und die schlafbezogenen Bewegungsstörungen (ca. 10%). Schlafstörungen verschlechtern in unterschiedlichem Ausmaß das funktionelle Outcome nach einem Schlaganfall, erhöhen das Rezidivrisiko, fördern die Entwicklung weiterer vaskulärer Risikofaktoren (z. B. arterielle Hypertonie, Vorhofflimmern) und steigern die Mortalität. Die Erkennung von Schlafstörungen nach einem Schlaganfall ist somit eine wichtige Voraussetzung, um die Akutphase angemessen zu begleiten, die Rehabilitation zu optimieren und die Effektivität der Sekundärprophylaxe zu befördern. Oft kann schon eine gezielte Anamnese orientiert an spezifischen Fragebögen und die Analyse des kardiorespiratorischen Stroke-Monitorings wertvolle Hinweise auf das Vorliegen einer schlafbezogenen Atmungsstörung, einer Schlaf-Wach-Störung oder einer schlafbezogenen Bewegungsstörung liefern. Die vorliegende Übersicht fasst die aktuelle Studienlage zusammen und gibt pragmatische Empfehlungen, wie relevante Schlafstörungen bei Schlaganfall-Patienten identifiziert und behandelt werden können.

Summary

Various sleep disorders may impair functional outcome of patients with stroke. Additionally, sleep disorders increase the risk for further strokes and entertain other vascular risk factors like arterial hypertension and atrial fibrillation. Sleep disorders may also increase post-stroke mortality. The most common post-stroke sleep disorders are sleep-related breathing disorders (prevalence: ~70%), sleep-wake disorders (prevalence: 10% to 50%) and sleep-related movement disorders (prevalence: ~10%). Thus to recognize post-stroke sleep disorders is of major importance to decrease post-stroke impairment and to foster post-stroke rehabilitation and the effectiveness of vascular prevention. Consequently, in all patients with stroke a sleep-related patient´s history should be taken and specialized questionnaires be used to identify sleep disorders and to discriminate between them. This review summarizes current research and provides state-of-the-art recommendation for the diagnostic and therapeutic management of post-stroke sleep related disorders.

Schlüsselwörter

Schlafbezogene Atmungsstörungen - Schlaf-Wach-Störungen - Restless-legs-Syndrom - Schlaganfall

Keywords

Sleep-related breathing disorders - sleep-wake disorders - restless-legs syndrome - stroke
 

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