Mikropartikel in der Frauenheilkunde

Zusammenfassung

Mikropartikel (MP) werden bei Aktivierung oder Apoptose von zirkulierenden Blut- bzw. Endothelzellen sowie unter der Wirkung von Scherkräften freigesetzt. Sie nehmen u.a. Einfluss auf Gerinnung, Entzündungsprozesse und dienen als Transportmedium. Bislang gibt es wenige Untersuchungen zu zirkulierenden MP bei Patientinnen der Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe. Erste Daten legen nahe, dass es zyklusabhängig Unterschiede in der Freisetzung von MP bei Frauen gibt und dass junge Frauen signifikant mehr Plättchen-MP und endotheliale MP aufweisen als altersentsprechende Männer. Pathologische Schwangerschaftsverläufe wie Abort und Präeklampsie gehen mit erhöhten MP-Konzentrationen einher. Inwieweit MP in die Pathophysiologie des Abortgeschehens bzw. der Präeklampsie eingreifen, ist Gegenstand weiterführender Untersuchungen. Studien an Mammakarzinom-Patientinnen legen nahe, dass die Konzentration zirkulierender MP mit dem Tumorstadium korreliert und MP ein ähnliches Sensitivitäts/Spezifitäts-Profil aufweisen wie etablierte Tumormarker.

Summary

Emerging evidence suggests that circulating, cell-derived microparticles (MP) play a role in various physiological and pathophysiological processes. MP are involved in coagulation, inflammation and transportation. The role of circulating MP in the field of obstetrics and gynaecology has been investigated only recently. Healthy women show menstrual cycle-specific differences in circulating MP which differ significantly from age-matched men. With regard to obstetrics, MP were elevated in subgroups of patients with miscarriage or preeclampsia. Whether MP contribute to the pathogenesis of the diseases themselves is part of ongoing research. Moreover, recent studies indicate MP levels parallel tumor invasiveness in breast cancer patients and show similar sensitivity-specificity profiles than established biomarkers.

Schlüsselwörter

Mikropartikel - Menstruationszyklus - Schwangerschaft - Abort - Präeklampsie - Mammakarzinom

Keywords

Microparticles - pregnancy - miscarriage - preeclampsia - breast cancer

• References

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