Schlaganfall

Zusammenfassung

Schlaganfälle sind akute Durchblutungsstörungen des Gehirns. Durch Verschluss einer Arterie wird ein Hirninfarkt, durch Ruptur einer Arterie eine Hirnblutung hervorgerufen. Etwa 80% der Schlaganfälle sind ischämischer Natur, 20% sind durch primäre Blutungen hervorgerufen. Die vier großen Gruppen ischämischer Schlaganfall, intrazerebrale Blutungen, Subarachnoidalblutungen und Sinus- bzw. Hirnvenenthrombosen werden anhand ihrer Ursachen und klinischen Besonderheiten charakterisiert. Besondere Beachtung findet die transitorisch-ischämische Attacke (TIA), da das Rezidivschlaganfallrisiko in den ersten Tagen nach TIA stark erhöht ist und lange Zeit unterschätzt wurde. Gängige Klassifikationen zur ätiopathogenetischen Einordnung, der Beurteilung des klinischen Zustands oder des Behandlungsergebnisses werden vorgestellt und diskutiert.

Summary

Cerebrovascular disease is caused by ischaemic stroke, intracerebral haemorrhage, subarachnoidal haemorrhage or cerebral vein and sinus thrombosis. Approximately 80% of all cerebrovascular accidents are caused by ischaemic stroke, whereas 20% are due to primary haemorrhage. This article summarizes the typical causes of each of the four main groups of cerebrovascular disease and points out clinical differences. Special attention is given to transitory ischemic attacks since new reports underline the necessity of early diagnostic and therapeutic intervention. Useful diagnostic and clinical scales are presented and discussed.

Schlüsselwörter

Schlaganfall - Ursachen - Klassifikation

Keywords

Cerebrovascular disease - stroke - aetiology - classification

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