Körperliche Aktivität und subjektive Wahrnehmung des Wohnumfelds

Zusammenfassung

Bewegungsmangel gilt als wesentlicher Einflussfaktor für Adipositas. Interventionsansätze zur Bewegungsförderung basieren bisher in erster Linie auf verhaltensorientierten Interventionsansätzen ohne Berücksichtigung des Wohnumfelds als möglichen Förderfaktor. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht auf Grundlage einer repräsentativen Querschnittbefragung für Deutschland, ob sich normal- und übergewichtige Erwachsene hinsichtlich körperlicher Aktivität und Wahrnehmung des Wohnumfelds unterscheiden. Des Weiteren wird der Zusammenhang zwischen körperlicher Aktivität und Wahrnehmung des Wohnumfelds geprüft. Normalgewichtige weisen eine signifikant höhere Transportaktivität und intensive Freizeitaktivität auf. Die subjektive Wahrnehmung des Wohnumfelds zeigt keine Unterschiede. Unabhängig vom BMI geht mit höherer Wohnbebauungsdichte eine erhöhte Transportaktivität einher. Für die Gruppe der Adipösen zeigen sich keine weiteren Korrelationen zwischen körperlicher Aktivität und der Wahrnehmung des Wohnumfelds. Aktivitätsfördernde Wohnumfelder könnten für Übergewichtige ein vielversprechender Ansatz in der Bewegungsförderung sein. Allerdings sollte zudem eine verhaltensbezogene Sensibilisierung für die aktivitätsbezogenen Möglichkeiten des Wohnumfelds erfolgen.

Summary

Lack of physical activity is an established risk factor when it comes to overweight or obesity. Until now most interventions promoting physical activity have been built on behavior oriented approaches without considering the neighbourhood environment as a possible correlate of physical activity. Our study analyses whether adults being of normal weight and overweight differ in terms of physical activity and perception of the neighbourhood environment. Furthermore, we examined the correlation between physical activity and perception of the neighbourhood environment. A representative cross-sectional survey from Germany provides the basis for this analysis.

People with normal weight are significantly more active with respect to transport activity and intensive leisure time activity. No significant results can be found for the perception of the neighbourhood environment differing for body weight. Independent from body weight there is a positive correlation between transport activity and residential density. No further correlation is found between physical activity and the perception of the environment for obese people. The built environment depicts a promising approach in physical active promotion. However, there is a need to raise peoples’ awareness of the physical activity possibilities in their neighbourhood environment.

Schlüsselwörter

Subjektive Wahrnehmung des Wohnumfelds - körperliche Aktivität - Übergewicht - Transportund Freizeitaktivität

Keywords

perceived neighbourhood environment - physical activity - overweight - transport- and leisuretime related physical activity

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