Großtiermodelle der Osteoporose

Zusammenfassung

Die Osteoporose ist eine chronische Erkrankung, die durch einen Knochenmasseverlust und eine Störung der trabekulären und kortikalen Mikroarchitektur mit konsekutiv erhöhter Knochenbrüchigkeit gekennzeichnet ist. Die Osteoporose gehört zu den fünf häufigsten erworbenen Erkrankungen der westlichen Welt, woraus eine intensive Suche nach besseren und effektiveren Therapiekonzepten zur Prävention und Behandlung der Osteoporose resultiert. Hierfür sind präklinische Studien in Tiermodellen, die annäherungsweise die humane Erkrankung nachbilden, von essenzieller Bedeutung. Großtiermodelle wie zum Beispiel von Schaf und Schwein sind aufgrund der zum Menschen sehr ähnlichen Knochen-Anatomie und -Physiologie zur präklinischen Untersuchung der Osteoporose sehr gut geeignet. Die DFG-Forschergruppe 793 widmet sich der Untersuchung der Mechanismen der Frakturheilung bei Osteoporose mit dem Ziel, durch ein verbessertes mechanistisches Verständnis einen klinisch wichtigen Beitrag zur Therapie der wesentlichen krankmachenden Komplikation – der Fraktur – des osteoporotischen Knochenmasseverlusts leisten zu können. Ein wesentlicher Aspekt der Forschergruppe ist die Etablierung von geeigneten Großtiermodellen, die für die Untersuchung der Frakturheilung bei Osteoporose von essenzieller Bedeutung sind. Der vorliegende Artikel gibt darüber hinaus einen aktuellen und vollständigen Überblick über die Großtiermodelle für die Osteoporoseforschung.

Summary

Osteoporosis is a chronic disease characterised by a loss of bone density and a deterioration of the trabecular and cortical microarchitecture, with a resultant increase in bone fragility. Osteoporosis is one of the five most common acquired diseases in the Western world and this has resulted in an intensive search for better and more effective forms of prevention and treatment. Preclinical studies of animal models that come close to replicating the human disease are essential to this search. Large animal models, such as sheep and pigs, are highly suited to preclinical studies of osteoporosis because of their very similar bone anatomy and physiology. DFG Research Group 793 is dedicated to investigating the mechanisms of fracture healing in osteoporosis, with the aim of making a clinically important contribution to the treatment of the main complication of loss of bone density in osteoporosis – fracture – through better mechanistic understanding. An important aspect of the work of the research group is to establish suitable large animal models, which are essential to the study of fracture healing in osteoporosis. This article also provides an up-to-date and complete overview of large animal models for osteoporosis research.

Schlüsselwörter

Mechanismen der Frakturheilung - Großtiermodell der Osteoporose - Schaf - Schwein

Keywords

Mechanisms of fracture healing - large animal model for osteoporosis - sheep - minipig

⁸ Alle Autoren sind Mitglieder der Transregionalen DFG-Forschergruppe 793 „Frakturheilung bei Osteoporose”

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