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Osteologie 2015; 24(04): 219-224
DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1622069
Labordiagnostik bei metabolischen Knochenerkrankungen
Schattauer GmbH

MicroRNAs in der Osteologie

MicroRNAs in bone Overview and clinical significance
M. Ulbing
1   Klinische Abteilung für Endokrinologie und Stoffwechsel, Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin, Medizinische Universität Graz, Graz, Österreich
,
B. Obermayer-Pietsch
1   Klinische Abteilung für Endokrinologie und Stoffwechsel, Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin, Medizinische Universität Graz, Graz, Österreich
› Institutsangaben
Weitere Informationen

Publikationsverlauf

eingereicht: 29. September 2015

angenommen: 05. Oktober 2015

Publikationsdatum:
02. Januar 2018 (online)

    Lizenzen und Reprints

Zusammenfassung

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) sind einzelsträngige, nichtkodierende RNA-Elemente, die die Umsetzung von Genen zu Proteinen über die Transkription und Translation beeinflussen können. Durch ihre Bindung an mRNA greifen miRNAs als Regulatoren in die verschiedensten Signalwege im Organismus ein. Dabei beeinflussen miRNAs unterschiedlichste biologische Prozesse, darunter Zelldifferenzierung, Proliferation oder Organ-/Gewe-beentwicklung und sind auch in der Knochenhomöostase wichtig. Sie spielen eine Rolle bei Knochenformation, -resorption, -remodelling und Knochenzelldifferenzierung. Damit sind unterschiedliche Expressionen von miRNA ein wichtiger Pathomechanismus bei osteologischen Erkrankungen wie der Osteoporose, der renalen Osteodystrophie oder von Knochenmalignomen. In dieser Übersichts arbeit werden miRNAs definiert und charakterisiert sowie deren Rollen in der Osteologie und bei osteologischen Erkrankungen dargestellt.

Summary

MicroRNAs are single-stranded, non-coding RNA elements which influence the conversion of information from genes into proteins via their effects on transcription and translation. By binding to mRNA, miRNAs regulate a considerable part of signalling pathways in the organism. MiRNAs interfere with a number of biological processes, among them cell differentiation, proliferation or organ-/ tissue development. MiRNAs are very important during bone homeostasis. They play a role during bone formation, resorption, remodelling and bone cell differentiation. This regulatory function indicates that different expression patterns of miRNAs are important for pathomechanisms in osteological diseases, among them osteoporosis, renal osteodystrophy and malignant bone tumours. This review describes miRNAs and their physiological role in osteology as well as in bone diseases.

Schlüsselwörter

MicroRNAs - Knochenhomöostase

Keywords

MicroRNAs - bone homeostasis
 

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