Wirkung nichtsteroidaler Antiphlogistika (NSAIDs) auf die Fruchtbarkeit beim Rind

Zusammenfassung:

Bei Rindern ist die Verbesserung der Fruchtbarkeit eines der Hauptziele im Reproduktionsmanagement. Um diese zu erreichen, müssen Faktoren wie ein ungestört ablaufendes Puerperium sowie der Erhalt des Gelbkörpers und die damit verbundene Sekretion von Progesteron im Anfangsstadium der Trächtigkeit in Betracht gezogen werden. Durch die Applikation nichtsteroidaler Antiphlogistika (NSAIDs) wird über die Hemmung des Enzyms Cyclooxygenase (COX) die Prostaglandinsynthese blockiert. Die Regression des Gelbkörpers wird durch Prostaglandin F_2α induziert. Somit könnten NSAIDs die Luteolyse verhindern bzw. verzögern. Vor allem zur kritischen Phase der Erkennung der Trächtigkeit (Tag 14-17 nach Besamung) besteht ein arbeitshypothetischer Ansatz für die Verabreichung von NSAIDs. Dies könnte dem Embryo Zeit verschaffen, genügend Interferon-tau (IFN-τ) für die maternale Erkennung der Gravidität zu bilden. Die bisher verfügbaren Forschungsergebnisse zum Einsatz von NSAIDs zur Verbesserung der Trächtigkeitsraten beim Rind differieren jedoch erheblich. Somit ist keine eindeutige Aussage über die Wirksamkeit dieser Wirkstoffgruppe im Fruchtbarkeitsmanagement möglich. Es bedarf weiterer kontrollierter Studien mit repräsentativen Probandenzahlen, um Ergebnisse mit hoher Evidenz zu erhalten. Weiterhin können NSAIDs bei akuten Entzündungen des Uterus in der frühen postpartalen Phase zusätzlich zur antibiotischen Therapie eingesetzt werden. Dabei wird das durch Prostaglandine ausgelöste Entzündungsgeschehen vermindert. Auch bei Reizungen des weiblichen Geschlechtsapparates durch Maßnahmen beim Embryotransfer zeigen NSAIDs einen positiven Effekt. Aus arzneimittelrechtlicher Sicht sind NSAIDs für die Indikationen, “Verhinderung der Luteolyse” und “Entzündungen des weiblichen Genitaltrakts” in Deutschland nicht zugelassen. Für die Anwendung in der Praxis bedeutet dies, dass erst die rechtlichen Grundlagen vorhanden sein müssen, bevor NSAIDs zur Verbesserung der Fruchtbarkeit bei Rindern eingesetzt werden können.

Summary:

The improvement of fertility in cattle is one of the most important aims of reproductive management. Therefore factors like an undisturbed postpartum period as well as the maintenance of the corpus luteum and the attendant secretion of progesterone in the initial stage of pregnancy must be taken into consideration. The application of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) blocks the synthesis of the prostaglandins via the inhibition of the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX). The regression of the corpus luteum is induced by prostaglandin F_2α (PGF_2α). Therefore luteolysis could be prevented or delayed by NSAIDs. Particularly at the critical time of recognition of the pregnancy (day 14 and 17 post inseminationem) there might be a hypothetical approach for the application of NSAIDs. This could provide more time for the embryo to secrete sufficient amounts of interferon-tau (IFN-τ) for the maternal recognition of the pregnancy. IFN-τ reduces the secretion of PGF_2α from the uterine endometrium, thus extending the lifespan of the corpus luteum. Available research results for the use of NSAIDs to improve pregnancy rates in cattle are controversial. Therefore it is not possible to make a clear statement about the efficacy of these pharmaceutical drugs regarding reproductive management. However, further controlled studies with large numbers of cows are required to obtain better evidence. Furthermore NSAIDs can be administered to cows with puerperal metritis additionally to an antibiotic treatment. The inflammation triggered by prostaglandins can be reduced. NSAIDs show also a positive effect on the irritations of the uterus by manipulation during embryo transfer. On one hand the uterine manipulation causes a release of PGF_2α, on the other hand it induces an inflammation of the endometrium. For this reason the treatment with NSAIDs can inhibit these problems. NSAIDs are not approved for the indications “prevention of luteolysis” and “inflammations of the female genital section” in Germany. For the implementation in the practice this means that the legal requirement has to be obtained first before NSAIDs can be used for the improvement of reproductive performance in cattle.

Schlüsselwörter:

nichtsteroidale Antiphlogistika - Cyclooxygenase - Prostaglandin - Rind - Fruchtbarkeit

Key words:

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs - cyclooxygenase - prostaglandin - cattle - fertility

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