Depression und Biografie

Zusammenfassung

In der vorliegenden Untersuchung kamen zwei Persönlichkeitsfragebögen, das Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI) und der Biografische Fragebogen für Alkoholabhängige (BIFA-AL). sowie ein Persönlichkeitstest, der Thematic Apperception Test (TAT), zur Anwendung. Insgesamt umfasste die klinische Studie 88 Versuchspersonen: 44 depressive Patienten und 44 in Bezug auf Alter, Geschlecht und Schulbildung parallelisierte gesunde Probanden. Die Ergebnisse des TAT zeigen, dass sich die Patienten in ihren Fantasiegeschichten von ihrer depressiven Einstellungen lösen. Die Bildtafeln scheinen die Patienten zu animieren, ihre passive und negative Einstellungen aufzugeben und in ihren Fantasiegeschichten aktiv und positiv eingestellt in das Geschehen einzugreifen. In ihren Fantasiegeschichten leben sie das aus, was sie im normalen depressiven Leben nicht verwirklichen können, und verhalten sich so, wie sie gerne in Wirklichkeit wären. In den beiden Persönlichkeitsfragebögen konnten deutliche Unterschiede (höherer Neurotizismus, niedrigere Extraversion) zwischen den beiden Stichproben festgestellt werden. In der Skala „Zielgerichtetheit” des BIFA-AL erzielten die Patienten deutlich niedrigere Werte als die gesunden Probanden. Die Patienten erreichten ferner ungünstigere Werte hinsichtlich der Primärsozialisation. Sie schildern ihre Primärsozialisation deutlich ungünstiger und belastender. Vorschläge hinsichtlich psychotherapeutischer Folgerungen aus diesen Befunden werden unterbreitet.

Summary

The difference between personality traits of a random sample of 44 depressives and 44 matched controls (sex, age, education) were investigated. Three tests were applied: the Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI) and the Biographic Questionnaire for Alcoholics (BIOQUESTAL) and the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT). The results of the TAT show that in imaginary life the patients do not differ from the controls. The TAT pictures seem to encourage the patients to give up their passive attitude and to take an active part in their imaginary life. The analysis of the inventories (EPI and BIOQUESTAL) showed a significant difference in neuroticism (higher scores) and in extraversion (lower scores). In the scale “aim-relatedness” of BIOQUESTAL the depressives gained lower scores. The depressives showed lower scores in the scale “primary socialization”, i. e. the patients consider their primary socialization to be more unfavourable. An outline of consequences for psychotherapy of depressives are given.

Schlüsselwörter

Depression - Biografie - Persönlichkeit - Persönlichkeitsfragebögen

Keywords

Depression - biography - personality - inventories

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