Schlaf 2014; 03(03): 149-155
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1626105
Review
Schattauer GmbH

Medikamentöse Behandlung des Restless-Legs-Syndroms

Peter Young
1   Klinik für Schlafmedizin und Neuromuskuläre Erkrankungen, Münster, Email: Peter.Young@ukmuenster.de
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
12 February 2018 (online)

Bei der Therapie des Restless-Legs-Syndroms (RLS) sollte man sich immer an der subjektiven Besserung der RLS-Symptome, der Schlafstörung und auch der Lebensqualität orientieren. Neben der geeigneten Wahl des Präparates und supportiven Therapien, wie Eisensupplementierung, sollten RLS-Patienten regelmäßig klinisch untersucht werden, auch um die medikamentöse Therapie nötigenfalls anzupassen und wichtige Differenzialdiagnosen rechtzeitig zu erkennen.

 
  • Literatur

  • 1 Kushida C, Martin M, Nikam P. et al. Burden of restless legs syndrome on health-related quality of life. Qual Life Res 2007; 16: 617-624.
  • 2 Kushida CA. Clinical presentation, diagnosis, and quality of life issues in restless legs syndrome. Am J Med 2007; 120: S4-S12.
  • 3 Hogl B, Kiechl S, Willeit J. et al. Restless legs syndrome: a community-based study of prevalence, severity, and risk factors. Neurology 2005; 64: 1920-1924.
  • 4 Allen RP, Bharmal M, Calloway M. Prevalence and disease burden of primary restless legs syndrome: results of a general population survey in the United States. Mov Disord 2011; 26: 114-120.
  • 5 Gamaldo CE, Benbrook AR, Allen RP. et al. Childhood and adult factors associated with restless legs syndrome (RLS) diagnosis. Sleep Med 2007; 8: 716-722.
  • 6 Silva GE, Goodwin JL, Vana KD. et al. Restless Legs Syndrome, Sleep, and Quality of Life among Adolescents and Young Adults. J Clin Sleep Med 2014; 10: 779-786.
  • 7 Allen RP, Picchietti D, Hening WA. et al. Restless legs syndrome: diagnostic criteria, special considerations, and epidemiology. A report from the restless legs syndrome diagnosis and epidemiology workshop at the National Institutes of Health. Sleep Med 2003; 4: 101-119.
  • 8 Hening WA, Allen RP, Washburn M. et al. The four diagnostic criteria for Restless Legs Syndrome are unable to exclude confounding conditions („mimics“). Sleep Med 2009; 10: 976-981.
  • 9 Walters AS, LeBrocq C, Dhar A. et al. Validation of the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group rating scale for restless legs syndrome. Sleep Med 2003; 4: 121-132.
  • 10 Allen RP, Earley CJ. Augmentation of the restless legs syndrome with carbidopa/levodopa. Sleep 1996; 19: 205-213.
  • 11 Allen RP, Ondo WG, Ball E. et al. Restless legs syndrome (RLS) augmentation associated with dopamine agonist and levodopa usage in a community sample. Sleep Med 2011; 12: 431-439.
  • 12 Frauscher B, Gschliesser V, Brandauer E. et al. The severity range of restless legs syndrome (RLS) and augmentation in a prospective patient cohort: association with ferritin levels. Sleep Med 2009; 10: 611-615.
  • 13 Garcia-Borreguero D, Williams AM. Dopaminergic augmentation of restless legs syndrome: the scope of the problem. Sleep Med 2011; 12: 425-426.
  • 14 Ondo WG. Common comorbidities and differential diagnosis of restless legs syndrome. J Clin Psychiatry 2014; 75: e06.
  • 15 Boentert M, Dziewas R, Heidbreder A. et al. Fatigue, reduced sleep quality and restless legs syndrome in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease: a web-based survey. J Neurol 2010; 257: 646-652.
  • 16 Shah RS, Rajabally YA. Restless legs syndrome in sensory axonal neuropathy: A case-control study. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2013; 169: 228-233.
  • 17 Gemignani F, Brindani F. Restless legs syndrome associated with peripheral neuropathy. Eur J Neurol 2007; 14: e9-e10
  • 18 Manconi M, Govoni V, De Vito A. et al. Restless legs syndrome and pregnancy. Neurology 2004; 63: 1065-1069.
  • 19 Trenkwalder C, Hening WA, Montagna P. et al. Treatment of restless legs syndrome: an evidence-based review and implications for clinical practice. Mov Disord 2008; 23: 2267-2302.
  • 20 Winter AC, Schurks M, Glynn RJ. et al. Restless legs syndrome and risk of incident cardiovascular disease in women and men: prospective cohort study. BMJ Open 2012; 2: e000866
  • 21 Winter AC, Schurks M, Glynn RJ. et al. Vascular risk factors, cardiovascular disease, and restless legs syndrome in women. Am J Med 2013; 126: 220-227 227 e221–222.
  • 22 Akpinar S. Restless legs syndrome treatment with dopaminergic drugs. Clin Neuropharmacol 1987; 10: 69-79.
  • 23 Comella CL. Restless legs syndrome: treatment with dopaminergic agents. Neurology 2002; 58: S87-92.
  • 24 Hogl B, Paulus W, Clarenbach P. et al. Restless legs syndrome: diagnostic assessment and the advantages and risks of dopaminergic treatment. J Neurol 2006; 253 (Suppl. 04) IV22-28.
  • 25 Littner MR, Kushida C, Anderson WM. et al. Practice parameters for the dopaminergic treatment of restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder. Sleep 2004; 27: 557-559.
  • 26 Maestri M, Fulda S, Ferini-Strambi L. et al. Polysomnographic record and successful management of augmentation in restless legs syndrome/Willis-Ekbom disease. Sleep Med 2014; 15: 570-575.
  • 27 Hornyak M, Scholz H, Kohnen R. et al. What treatment works best for restless legs syndrome? Meta-analyses of dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic medications. Sleep Med Rev 2014; 18: 153-164.
  • 28 Brodeur C, Montplaisir J, Godbout R. et al. Treatment of restless legs syndrome and periodic movements during sleep with L-dopa: a double-blind, controlled study. Neurology 1988; 38: 1845-1848.
  • 29 Sandyk R, Bernick C, Lee SM. et al. L-dopa in uremic patients with the restless legs syndrome. Int J Neurosci 1987; 35: 233-235.
  • 30 England SJ, Picchietti DL, Couvadelli BV. et al. L-Dopa improves Restless Legs Syndrome and periodic limb movements in sleep but not Attention-Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder in a double-blind trial in children. Sleep Med 2011; 12: 471-477.
  • 31 Garcia-Borreguero D, Larrosa O, Granizo JJ. et al. Circadian variation in neuroendocrine response to L-dopa in patients with restless legs syndrome. Sleep 2004; 27: 669-673.
  • 32 Winlow W. Pramipexole in restless legs syndrome: an evidence-based review of its effectiveness on clinical outcomes. Core Evid 2005; 1: 35-42.
  • 33 Winkelman JW, Sethi KD, Kushida CA. et al. Efficacy and safety of pramipexole in restless legs syndrome. Neurology 2006; 67: 1034-1039.
  • 34 Winkelman JW, Johnston L. Augmentation and tolerance with long-term pramipexole treatment of restless legs syndrome (RLS). Sleep Med 2004; 5: 9-14.
  • 35 Allen R, Becker PM, Bogan R. et al. Ropinirole decreases periodic leg movements and improves sleep parameters in patients with restless legs syndrome. Sleep 2004; 27: 907-914.
  • 36 Hansen RA, Song L, Moore CG. et al. Effect of ropinirole on sleep outcomes in patients with restless legs syndrome: meta-analysis of pooled individual patient data from randomized controlled trials. Pharmacotherapy 2009; 29: 255-262.
  • 37 Saletu B, Gruber G, Saletu M. et al. Sleep laboratory studies in restless legs syndrome patients as compared with normals and acute effects of ropinirole. 1. Findings on objective and subjective sleep and awakening quality. Neuropsychobiology 2000; 41: 181-189.
  • 38 Saletu M, Anderer P, Saletu B. et al. Sleep laboratory studies in restless legs syndrome patients as compared with normals and acute effects of ropinirole. 2. Findings on periodic leg movements, arousals and respiratory variables. Neuropsychobiology 2000; 41: 190-199.
  • 39 Trenkwalder C, Garcia-Borreguero D, Montagna P. et al. Ropinirole in the treatment of restless legs syndrome: results from the TREAT RLS 1 study, a 12 week, randomised, placebo controlled study in 10 European countries. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2004; 75: 92-97.
  • 40 Trenkwalder C. The weight of evidence for ropinirole in restless legs syndrome. Eur J Neurol 2006; 13 (Suppl. 03) 21-30.
  • 41 Benes H, Garcia-Borreguero D, Ferini-Strambi L. et al. Augmentation in the treatment of restless legs syndrome with transdermal rotigotine. Sleep Med 2012; 13: 589-597.
  • 42 Garcia-Borreguero D, Oertel W, Trenkwalder C. Treatment of restless legs syndrome with rotigotine. Lancet Neurol 2011; 10: 872-873.
  • 43 Hogl B, Oertel WH, Stiasny-Kolster K. et al. Treatment of moderate to severe restless legs syndrome: 2-year safety and efficacy of rotigotine transdermal patch. BMC Neurol 2010; 10: 86.
  • 44 Inoue Y, Hirata K, Hayashida K. et al. Efficacy, safety and risk of augmentation of rotigotine for treating restless legs syndrome. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2013; 40: 326-333.
  • 45 Merlino G, Serafini A, Robiony F. et al. Restless legs syndrome: differential diagnosis and management with rotigotine. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2009; 5: 67-80.
  • 46 Sixel-Doring F, Trenkwalder C. Rotigotine transdermal delivery for the treatment of restless legs syndrome. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2010; 11: 649-656.
  • 47 Trenkwalder C, Benes H, Poewe W. et al. Efficacy of rotigotine for treatment of moderate-to-severe restless legs syndrome: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Neurol 2008; 7: 595-604.
  • 48 Stiasny K, Wetter TC, Winkelmann J. et al. Long-term effects of pergolide in the treatment of restless legs syndrome. Neurology 2001; 56: 1399-1402.
  • 49 Trenkwalder C, Benes H, Grote L. et al. Cabergoline compared to levodopa in the treatment of patients with severe restless legs syndrome: results from a multi-center, randomized, active controlled trial. Mov Disord 2007; 22: 696-703.
  • 50 Tintner R, Manian P, Gauthier P. et al. Pleuropulmonary fibrosis after long-term treatment with the dopamine agonist pergolide for Parkinson Disease. Arch Neurol 2005; 62: 1290-1295.
  • 51 Hirani N, Bayliff CC, McCormack DG. Diagnosis and management of pergolide-induced fibrosis. Mov Disord 2005; 20: 512-513 author reply 513.
  • 52 Mondal BK, Suri S. Pergolide-induced retroperitoneal fibrosis. Int J Clin Pract 2000; 54: 403.
  • 53 Walters AS, Wagner ML, Hening WA. et al. Successful treatment of the idiopathic restless legs syndrome in a randomized double-blind trial of oxycodone versus placebo. Sleep 1993; 16: 327-332.
  • 54 Trenkwalder C, Benes H, Grote L. et al. Prolonged release oxycodone-naloxone for treatment of severe restless legs syndrome after failure of previous treatment: a doubleblind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial with an openlabel extension. Lancet Neurol 2013; 12: 1141-1150.
  • 55 Thorp ML, Morris CD, Bagby SP. A crossover study of gabapentin in treatment of restless legs syndrome among hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis 2001; 38: 104-108.
  • 56 Allen RP. Pregabalin versus pramipexole for restless legs syndrome. N Engl J Med 2014; 370: 2050-2051.
  • 57 Joy MS. Clonazepam: benzodiazepine therapy for the restless legs syndrome. ANNA J 1997; 24: 686-689.
  • 58 Trotti LM, Bhadriraju S, Becker LA. Iron for restless legs syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012; 5: CD007834.
  • 59 Allen RP, Earley CJ. The role of iron in restless legs syndrome. Mov Disord 2007; 22 (Suppl. 18) S440-448.
  • 60 Bartell S, Zallek S. Intravenous magnesium sulfate may relieve restless legs syndrome in pregnancy. J Clin Sleep Med 2006; 2: 187-188.
  • 61 Hornyak M, Voderholzer U, Hohagen F. et al. Magnesium therapy for periodic leg movements-related insomnia and restless legs syndrome: an open pilot study. Sleep 1998; 21: 501-505.
  • 62 Hensley JG. Leg cramps and restless legs syndrome during pregnancy. J Midwifery Womens Health 2009; 54: 211-218.
  • 63 Djokanovic N, Garcia-Bournissen F, Koren G. Medications for restless legs syndrome in pregnancy. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2008; 30: 505-507.
  • 64 Srivanitchapoom P, Pandey S, Hallett M. Restless legs syndrome and pregnancy: A review. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2014; 20: 716-722.
  • 65 Picchietti DL, Wang VC, Picchietti MA. Intravenous iron given prior to pregnancy for restless legs syndrome is associated with remission of symptoms. J Clin Sleep Med 2012; 8: 585-586.