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Nervenheilkunde 2004; 23(02): 73-79
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1626278
Original- und Übersichtsarbeiten - Original and Review Articles
Schattauer GmbH

Pathologie und Biochemie der frontotemporalen Demenzen

Pathology and biochemistry of frontotemporal dementias
M. Neumann
1   Zentrum für Neuropathologie und Prionforschung, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
,
H. A. Kretzschmar
1   Zentrum für Neuropathologie und Prionforschung, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
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Publikationsverlauf

Publikationsdatum:
19. Januar 2018 (online)

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Zusammenfassung

Unter dem klinischen Terminus frontotemporale Demenz (FTD) wird eine heterogene Gruppe neurodegenerativer Erkrankungen zusammengefasst. In den vergangenen Jahren sind die Erkenntnisse über genetische Ursachen und molekulare Mechanismen der FTD rasch vorangeschritten und haben einen Wandel der Klassifikation wie auch der Nomenklatur auf diesem Gebiet eingeleitet. Trotz Fortschritten in der klinischen Diagnostik ist eine Unterscheidung der einzelnen FTD-Entitäten derzeit nur durch eine neuropathologische Untersuchung des Gehirns möglich. Die gängige neuropathologische Klassifikation der FTD basiert auf der Morphologie sowie der histochemischen und biochemischen Charakterisierung von Einschlusskörperchen. Die Spezifizierung der Einschlüsse erfolgt hierbei mittels Antikörpern gegen Tau, Ubiquitin und Neurofilamente. Zur weiteren Erforschung der zugrunde liegenden molekularen Mechanismen der FTD insbesondere im Hinblick auf die Entwicklung neuer Therapien, sind Untersuchungen an Hirngewebe von klinisch und neuropathologisch gut dokumentierten Fällen dringend erforderlich. Einen wichtigen Beitrag hierzu können Hirngewebebanken, wie die Deutsche Hirngewebebank »Brain-Net«, leisten.

Summary

The clinical term frontotemporal dementia covers a heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative diseases. The increasing knowledge about genetic and molecular mechanisms involved in frontotemporal dementia (FTD) has led to a change of classification and nomenclature of FTD. In spite of the progress in the clinical diagnosis, a definite diagnosis and discrimination of the FTD entities to date is only possible by neuropathological examination of the brain. The current consensus on the pathological classification of FTD is based on the morphology and the histochemical and biochemical characterization of inclusion bodies. For the classification of inclusions antibodies against tau, ubiquitin and neurofilaments are used. To obtain further knowledge about the underlying molecular mechanisms in FTD, particularly with regard to new therapeutic strategies, studies with clinically and neuropathologically well-documented cases are essential. Brain banks, such as the German brain bank »Brain-Net«, may offer an important contribution to that.

Schlüsselwörter

Frontotemporale Demenz - Tau - Ubiquitin - Neuropathologie - Hirngewebebank

Keywords

Frontotemporal dementia - tau - ubiquitin - neuropathology - brain bank
 

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