Suizidalität im Kindes- und Jugendalter

Zusammenfassung

Suizidales Verhalten hat einen ersten Häufigkeitsgipfel in der Adoleszenz. Trotz der im Vergleich zum Erwachsenenalter geringeren Suizidprävalenz, werden Suizidgedanken von etwa einem Drittel und Suizidversuche von 6–9% der Jugendlichen in Deutschland beschrieben. Risikofaktoren mit besonderer Relevanz für das Jugendalter umfassen Mobbing, psychische Erkrankungen, familiäre Konflikte, Konflikte in romantischen Liebesbeziehungen und nicht suizidales Selbstverletzendes Verhalten. In der Psychotherapie ist in dieser Altersgruppe vor allem der Einbezug des familiären Umfelds essenziell, während keine Evidenz für eine spezifische psychopharmakologische Behandlung suizidalen Verhaltens existiert. Die Wirksamkeit suizidpräventiver Maßnahmen im Jugendalter konnte auf verschiedenen Ebenen demonstriert werden.

Summary

Suicidal behavior first peaks in adolescence. Although suicide rate are relatively low compared to rates in adults, a history of suicidal ideation is reported from about a third- and suicide attempts from 6–9% of adolescents in Germany. Risk factors with special relevance in adolescence include bullying, psychiatric disorders, conflicts in the family, conflicts in romantic relationships and Non suicidal Self-injury. In psychotherapy, integrating the family is essential, whereas no evidence for a specific psychopharmacological treatment of suicidal behavior exists. The efficacy of suicide prevention measures in adolescence on different levels has been demonstrated.

Schlüsselwörter

Suizidalität - Suizidversuch - Suizidgedanken - Suizidplan - Jugendalter

Keywords

Suicidality - suicide attempt - suicidal ideation - suicide plan - adolescence

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