Reisen und Sport nach Schlaganfall

Zusammenfassung

Der Stellenwert einer sportlichen Betätigung in der Primär- und Sekundärprävention des Schlaganfalles ist zunehmend evident. Sie trägt zur Prävention eines arteriellen Hypertonus, eines Diabetes mellitus Typ II und einer Dyslipidämie bei. Sie kann Endotheleigenschaften verbessern und systemische inflammatorische Prozesse reduzieren. Neuere Untersuchungen legen eine Assoziation zwischen höherer Trainingsintensität sowie -frequenz und zerebrovaskulärer Risikoreduktion nahe. Um diesen Benefit zu erhalten, muss der Patient das Training langfristig fortführen. Vorausgesetzt, dass keine medizinischen Kontraindikationen oder neurologischen Einschränkungen vorliegen, empfiehlt die AHA Schlaganfall-Patienten ein leichtes bis moderates Training von 20 bis 60 Minuten mindestens zwei- bis dreimal die Woche. Hochrisikooder extreme Aktivitäten sollten vermieden werden.

Derzeit existieren kaum Daten zum Thema Reisen und Schlaganfall. Eine Untersuchung aus 2006 zeigte eine signifikante Häufung kardioembolischer Ereignisse sowie des Vorliegens eines PFO bei Schlaganfallpatienten mit positiver Reiseanamnese. Mittel- und Langstreckenflüge sollten in den ersten 30 Tagen nach Schlaganfall vermieden werden.

Summary

Physical activity has an increasing evidence base in the primary and secondary prevention of stroke. It prevents the risk of developing hypertension, type 2 diabetes and dyslipidaemia. It helps to improve endothelial function and can reduce systemic inflammatory processes. Recent studies suggest an association between higher intensity and frequency of exercise and higher cerebrovascular risk reduction. In order to maintain the cardiovascular benefits, patients have to continue to participate in regular physical activity. Given that there are no medical contra-indications or severe neurological disabilities the AHA recommends stroke survivors light to moderate regular exercise at least twice or three times per week for twenty to sixty minutes at a time. High-risk or extreme activities should be avoided.

At present there is very limited data concerning travelling and stroke. A study published in 2006 showed a significant increased frequency of cardioembolism and patent foramen oval in patients with stroke and a positive travel history. Particularly medium- and long-haul flights should be avoided within the first 30 days after stroke.

Schlüsselwörter

Schlaganfall - körperliche Aktivität - Training - Reisen

Keywords

Stroke - physical activity - exercise - travelling

• Literatur

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