Bewegungstherapie und Sport bei Patienten mit Multipler Sklerose

Zusammenfassung

Einleitung

Patienten mit Multipler Sklerose (MS) zeigen im Vergleich zu Gesunden eine geringere allgemeine körperliche Aktivität, es finden sich im Krankheitsverlauf neben MSbedingten Einschränkungen wie Gangschwierigkeiten und Gleichgewichtstörungen auch häufig Zivilisationskrankheiten, z. B. Bluthochdruck. Studien zeigen, dass durch Bewegungstherapie und regelmäßiges Training eine Vielzahl von körperlichen Fähigkeiten positiv beeinflusst werden.

Methoden

Durch gezieltes Ausdauertraining können Komponenten der Herz-Kreislaufleistungsfähigkeit gesteigert werden. Die Kraft der Arme, Beine und des Rumpfes lässt sich durch ein gezieltes Krafttraining erhöhen. Beide Trainingsformen zeigen auch Einfluss auf die Gehfähigkeit, das Gleichgewicht, die Spastik und die Fatigue.

Schlussfolgerung

MS-Patienten sollte geraten werden, gewohnte Sport- und Bewegungsformen aufrecht zu erhalten oder mit dem regelmäßigen Training zu beginnen. Im Krankheitsverlauf stellt der begleitende Einsatz der Bewegungs- und Sporttherapie in einer multimodalen MS-Therapie eine wichtige Größe dar.

Summary

Introduction

Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) have a rather inactive lifestyle in comparison to healthy persons. Physical activities such as endurance and resistance training have several effects on patients with MS.

Methods

Endurance training can influence factors of the cardiorespiratory fitness as the peak oxygen uptake (VO2) or the heart rate. Resistance training can improve the muscle strength of the arm, legs and torso muscles. Both training regimes can also influence walking capacity, balance, spasticity and fatigue.

Conclusion

MS patients should be advised to participate in physical exercise. Individual physical activities should be one component in a multiple MS therapy.

Schlüsselwörter

Kraft - Ausdauer - Multiple Sklerose - Bewegungstherapie - körperliche Aktivität - multimodale Therapie

Keywords

Endurance training - resistance training - multiple sclerosis - physical therapy

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