Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/ Hyperaktivitätsstörungen in der Lebensspanne

C. Klein

doi:10.1055/s-0038-1628240

Nervenheilkunde, Table of Contents

Nervenheilkunde 2012; 31(07/08): 536-542
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1628240

Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie

Schattauer GmbH

Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/ Hyperaktivitätsstörungen in der Lebensspanne

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder across the life span

Authors

C. Klein

¹Abteilung für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie im Kindes- und Jugendalter, Universität Freiburg

²School of Psychology, Bangor University

Abstract

Zusammenfassung

Die Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) gehört mit einer Prävalenzschätzung von etwa 5,3% zu den häufigsten psychiatrischen Erkrankungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter. ADHS ist eine Entwicklungsstörung, die mit dem typischen Entwicklungsverlauf beeinträchtigend interagiert. Dies bedeutet, dass neben dem Verlauf der Kernsymptome von Unaufmerksamkeit, Impulsivität und Hyperaktivität die im Verlauf der Entwicklung erworbenen sekundären Symptome und Defizite insbesondere im schulischen und sozialen Funktionsniveau für den Verlauf der Störung relevant sind. Die sehr häufigen komorbiden Störungen wir Störungen des Sozialverhaltens, oppositionelles Verhalten und Angststörungen sind zu berücksichtigen. Die Ursachen der AHDS sind vermutlich komplex und in genetischen Faktoren sowie Gen-Umwelt-Interaktionen bzw. Gen-Umwelt-Korrelationen zu suchen. Bei der Behandlung der ADHS stehen pharmakologisch die Gabe von Stimulanzien im Vordergrund, während psychologisch bzw. psychotherapeutisch Verhaltenstherapien und spezielle Trainingsverfahren dominieren und seit einigen Jahren Neurofeedback-Verfahren zum Einsatz kommen.

Summary

Attention-deficit/hyperacitivity disorder (ADHD) belongs with a prevalence estimate of about 5.3% to the most common psychiatric disorders of childhood and adolescence. ADHD is a developmental disorder that interacts in an unfavourable manner with the typical course of development. This implies that, in addition to the core symptoms of inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity, secondary symptoms and deficits in academic and social functioning that are acquired during the course of development must be considered. Furthermore, comorbid disorders such as conduct disorder, oppositional-defiant disorder or anxiety disorders need to be considered here. The aetiology of ADHD is presumably rather complex, with genetic factors, gene-environment interactions and gene-environment correlations being relevant. The treatment of ADHD involves pharmacologically the administration of psycho-stimulants, and psychologically or psycho-therapeutically behavioural therapy, specific training procedures and, more recently, neurofeedback techniques.

Schlüsselwörter

ADHS - Verlauf - Ursachen - Behandlung

Keywords

ADHD - course - causes - treatment

Full Text

References

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