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Nervenheilkunde 2011; 30(06): 385-393
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1628376
Soziale Neurowissenschaften
Schattauer GmbH

Gestörte Integration sozial-emotionaler Hinweisreize bei schizophrenen Patienten

Untersuchung mit einem modifizierten VertrauensspielImpaired integration of socio-emotional information in schizophreniaA study with a modified trust game
S. Lis
1   Zentrum für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Justus Liebig Universität Gießen
,
T. Schönwetter
1   Zentrum für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Justus Liebig Universität Gießen
,
D. Mier
1   Zentrum für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Justus Liebig Universität Gießen
2   Abteilung für Klinische Psychologie, Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit Mannheim
,
B. Gallhofer
1   Zentrum für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Justus Liebig Universität Gießen
,
P. Kirsch
1   Zentrum für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Justus Liebig Universität Gießen
2   Abteilung für Klinische Psychologie, Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit Mannheim
› Author Affiliations
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Publication History

Eingegangen am: 12 October 2010

angenommen am: 29 November 2010

Publication Date:
22 January 2018 (online)

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Zusammenfassung

Störungen sozialer Kognitionen wie der Theory of Mind (ToM) werden in den letzten Jahren verstärkt hinsichtlich ihrer Bedeutung für das Auftreten von Einschränkungen des sozialen Funktionsniveaus bei schizophrenen Erkrankungen diskutiert. ToM beschreibt die Fähigkeit, eigene und fremde Zustände mental zu repräsentieren, auf deren Basis, Annahmen über die Intentionen anderer zu machen. Sie bilden die Grundlage für adäquate soziale Interaktionen. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war es, mit einem modifizierten Vertrauensspiel den Zusammenhang zwischen sozial-kognitiven Prozessen und ihre Umsetzung in Entscheidungen bei an Schizophrenie erkrankten Patienten zu untersuchen. Bei 19 Schizophrenie-Patienten und 19 gematchten Kontrollprobanden wurden in einem Computerspiel soziale Interaktionen simuliert. Die Probanden hatten die Aufgabe, mit vier virtuellen Mitspielern ihren Gewinn zu maximieren, indem sie jedem Mitspieler einen Teil eines Guthabens überschrieben. Je nach Fairness der Mitspieler wurde der Gewinn der Probanden vergrößert oder reduziert. Zwei Mitspieler verhielten sich fair, zwei unfair. Bei je einem fairen und einem unfairen Spieler ließ sich die Fairness anhand des Emotionsausdrucks vor hersagen. Trotz vergleichbarer Leistung in der Emotionserkennung passten die Patienten im Gegensatz zu den Kontrollen ihr Spielverhalten nicht an die Fairness des Spielpartners an. Dabei bewerteten sie die Fairness des Verhaltens ihres Spielpartners nach einem Spieldurchgang ebenso differenziert wie die Kontrollprobanden. Die Ergebnisse der Studie zeigen, dass eine Analyse von Interaktionsverhalten von an Schizophrenie erkrankten Patienten im Rahmen eines spieltheoretischen Ansatzes Defizite in sozialen Entscheidungsprozessen aufzeigen, die sich durch eine fehlende Fähigkeit der Patienten, vorhandene sozial-emotionale Hinweisreize in ihre Entscheidung einzubeziehen, erklären lassen.

Summary

During recent years, there is an increasing interest in the relation between impairment of social cognition like Theory of Mind (ToM) and reduced social functioning in schizophrenia. ToM is the ability to mentally represent one’s own and others mental states which is necessary to understand other people’s intentions. Therefore ToM is an essential prerequisite for sufficient social interactions. Aim of the present study was to investigate the relation between social cognitive processes and their application to social decision making during interactions in schizophrenia by means of a modified trust game. 19 patients suffering from schizophrenia and 19 healthy controls were investigated while they were involved in a computer simulated social interaction. The task of the participants was to maximize their gains while playing with four virtual partners. They had to share money with those partners and depending on the partners’ fairness the participants account was reduced or increased.Two of the partners were fair and two unfair. For one of the fair and one of the unfair partners, the actual fairness could be inferred from the facial expression. Although we could not find any differences in emotion recognition or fairness ratings, the patients showed an impaired decision making behavior. In contrast to healthy controls, they did not use the emotional expression of their partner to adapt their behavior. The results are interpreted as reflecting the suitability of game theory based approaches to investigate social interaction deficits in schizophrenia. In particular the results demonstrate the inability of schizophrenia patients to integrate information raised from social cognitive processes into their concrete decision making behavior.

Schlüsselwörter

Soziale Kognition - Theory of Mind - Vertrauensspiel - Entscheidungsverhalten

Keywords

Social cognition - Theory of Mind - trust game - decision making
 

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