Dopaminerge Genpolymorphismen und sportliche Höchstleistungen

S. Kubesch; F. Beck; B. Abler

doi:10.1055/s-0038-1628398

Nervenheilkunde, Table of Contents

Nervenheilkunde 2011; 30(08): 585-593
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1628398

Ulmer Heft

Schattauer GmbH

Dopaminerge Genpolymorphismen und sportliche Höchstleistungen

Dopaminergic gene polymorphisms and athletic peak performance

S. Kubesch

¹Transferzentrum für Neurowissenschaften und Lernen, Universität Ulm

,

F. Beck

²Fakultät für Sport- und Gesundheitswissen-schaften, Technische Universität München

,

B. Abler

³Abteilung Psychiatrie III, Universitätsklinikum Ulm

› Author Affiliations

Abstract

Zusammenfassung

Dopaminerge Funktionen im Zusammenhang mit Lernen, kognitiver Kontrolle und Risikofreudigkeit beeinflussen nicht nur Alltagsverhalten, sondern auch sportliche (Höchst-)Leistungen. Im Zusammenhang mit Trainingsoptimierung und Leistungssteigerung erlangen in diesem Bereich genetisch bedingte Einflüsse auf die Funktionsweise des Dopaminsystems Bedeutung. Bisher sind zwei entsprechende Polymorphismen mit möglichen Bezügen zu sportlicher Leistung näher charakterisiert, die des Catechol-O-Methyltransferase-(COMT-) Enzyms sowie des Dopamintransporters (DAT). Dabei kann davon ausgegangen werden, dass die mit dem Met-Allel des COMT-Enzyms einhergehende erhöhte Konzentrations- und Aufmerksamkeitsleistung bzw. unter Umständen verringerte Stresstoleranz in Bezug auf sportliche Höchstleistungen relevant ist. Ebenso sollte sich die genetische Ausstattung bezüglich DAT auf Sportarten auswirken, bei denen Risikofreudigkeit eine Erfolgsvoraussetzung darstellt oder die hohe Anforderungen an das motorische Lernvermögen stellen. So könnte ein größerer sportlicher Er-folg für Risikosportarten mit der Trägerschaft des 10R-Allels verbunden sein.

Summary

Dopaminergic functions influence not only day-to-day behavior but also athletic accomplishments in the context of learning, cognitive control, and risk-taking. Along with efforts to improve training and enhance performance, genetically pre-determined factors influencing the functions of the dopamine system are a focus of interest. Until now, particularly two polymorphisms with possible repercussions on athletic achievement have been characterized: the catechol-o-methyltransferase (COMT) enzyme and the dopamine transporter (DAT). Accordingly, we can assume that better performance concerning concentration and attention, as well as reduced stress under certain circumstances that have been linked to the Met allele of the COMT enzyme, are relevant to athletic success. The genetic conditions should also have an effect on types of sports for which increased risk-taking or great motor learning capacity is a prerequisite for success. Carriers of the 10R allele could thereby be predisposed to greater success in risky sports.

Schlüsselwörter

Catechol-O-Methyltransferase-Enzym - Dopa-mintransporter - genetische Einflüsse - sportliche Höchstleistung

Keywords

Catechol-o-methyltransferase enzyme - dopamine transporter - genetic modulation - athletic peak performance

Full Text

References

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