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Nervenheilkunde 2010; 29(05): 291-296
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1628763
125. Wanderversammlung
Schattauer GmbH

Neurobiologische Grundlagen der Schizophrenie

Synaptopathie, gestörte Neurogenese oder beides?Neurobiological basis of schizophreniaSynaptopathy, disturbed neurogenesis, or both?
A. Schmitt
1   Abteilung für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Zentrum Psychosoziale Medizin, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
,
O. Gruber
1   Abteilung für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Zentrum Psychosoziale Medizin, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
,
P. Falkai
1   Abteilung für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Zentrum Psychosoziale Medizin, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
› Author Affiliations
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Publication History

Eingegangen am: 04 January 2010

angenommen am: 17 January 2010

Publication Date:
24 January 2018 (online)

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Zusammenfassung

Schizophrenie ist eine neurobiologische Erkrankung mit Beteiligung mehrerer neuronaler Netzwerke. Dabei spielt sowohl eine Störung der Makrokonnektivität zwischen den beteiligten Regionen als auch eine Störung der Mikrokonnektivität, der synaptischen Funktion, eine Rolle. In mehreren Gehirnregionen wurde bei unveränderter Neuronenzahl eine verminderte Anzahl an myelinbildenden Oligodendrozyten sowie der Expression von myelinassoziierten Genen gefunden. Zusätzlich sind synaptische Gene und Proteine verändert, was für eine Störung der synaptischen Plastizität spricht.Auch die Proliferation neuronaler Stammzellen (Neurogenese), die beim Erwachsenen stattfindet, war bei schizophrenen Patienten im Gyrus dentatus vermindert. Manche atypischen Antipsychotika beeinflussen die Neurogenese und die Expression synaptischer Gene, die für die kognitive Funktion wichtig sind. Aber auch körperliches Training verbesserte in einer neuen Studie bei schizophrenen Patienten das Hippocampusvolumen sowie die neuronale Funktion. Zukünftige Therapien der Schizophrenie sollten auf Verbesserungen der neuronalen Plastizität hin untersucht werden, um neue kausale Therapiestrategien zu entwickeln.

Summary

Schizophrenia is a neurobiological disease with disturbed neuronal networks. The pathophysiology of the disease reveals disturbances of the macroconnectivity between affected regions as well as altered microconnectivity and synaptic function. In several brain regions, unchanged numbers of neurons, but decreased numbers of oligodendrocytes, which play an important role in myelination and propagation of nerve impulses, and decreased expression of myelin-related genes have been detected. Additionally, synaptic genes and proteins have been shown to be dysregulated, implicating disturbed synaptic plasticity. Moreover, proliferation of neuronal stem cells (neurogenesis) has been reported to be decreased in the dentate gyrus of schizophrenia patients. Some atypical antipsychotics are known to influence neurogenesis and expression of synaptic genes, which all play a role in cognition. In a recent study, physical exercise improved hippocampus volumes and neuronal function in schizophrenia patients. Further investigations of new therapies on neuronal plasticity are warranted to improve causative therapeutic strategies in schizophrenia.

Schlüsselwörter

Schizophrenie - synaptische Proteine - Konnektivität - Neurogenese

Keywords

Schizophrenia - synaptic proteins - connectivity - neurogenesis
 

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