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Kinder- und Jugendmedizin 2008; 08(02): 73-82
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1628951
Infektiologie
Schattauer GmbH

Virulenzfaktoren und molekulare Epidemiologie von Staphylococcus aureus − Renaissance eines alten Erregers?

Virulence factors and molecular epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus – return of an old pathogen?
Karsten Becker
1   Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie des Universitätsklinikums Münster (Leiter: Prof. Dr. med. Georg Peters)
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Publikationsverlauf

Eingegangen: 01. Oktober 2007

angenommen: 12. Oktober 2007

Publikationsdatum:
25. Januar 2018 (online)

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Zusammenfassung

Der fakultativ pathogene Erreger Staphylococcus aureus verursacht eine Vielzahl akuter und chronischer pyogener Infektionen und Toxin-vermittelter Syndrome. Sowohl als Erreger von ambulant als auch von nosokomial erworbenen Infektionen ist er einer der häufigsten und gefährlichsten Erreger. Die weltweite Ausbreitung Methicillin-resistenter S. aureus (MRSA)-Stämme, die nunmehr auch in deutschen Krankenhäusern bedrohliche Ausmaße angenommen hat, verurteilt die schärfste therapeutische Waffe gegen S. aureus, die Gruppe der β-Laktamantibiotika, zur Unwirksamkeit. Aktuellstes Beispiel für diesen ungewöhnlich wandlungsfähigen Erreger ist die Ankunft bzw. die Wiederkehr Panton-Valentine-Leukozidin-produzierender Klone, zumeist als hochtransmissible und ungewöhnlich virulente community-acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA). Charakterisiert durch eine hohe genetische Plastizität und eine enorme Anpassungsfähigkeit ist S. aureus in der Lage, eine Vielzahl verschiedenster, oft multifunktioneller Virulenzfaktoren zu exprimieren, die in die Adhäsion, Aggression, Invasion, Persistenz sowie in die Evasion der angeborenen und erworbenen Immunabwehr involviert sind.

Summary

While Staphylococcus aureus is a common commensal of humans, its disease-causing potential includes a multitude of pyogenic infections and toxin-mediated syndromes. Seeing as the frequencies of both community- and hospital- acquired S. aureus infections have increased, this microorganism remains a dangerous pathogen. The worldwide burden of infections – not sparing German hospitals – caused by methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) has become a major public health threat, as the most commonly prescribed class of antimicrobials, the β-lactams, have become ineffective. Nowadays, we observe the (re-)advent of Panton-Valentine leukocidin-bearing S. aureus clones, mostly as community-acquired (CA) MRSA clones, combining anti-β-lactam resistance with high transmissibility and virulence. Epidemiologically successful CA-MRSA clones represent the most recent example of an extraordinary versatile pathogen. Characterized by high genetic plasticity and an enormous adaptation potential, S. aureus strains can express a diverse arsenal of virulence factors with overlapping roles involved in adherence, aggression, invasion, persistence, and evasion of both innate and induced immunity.

Schlüsselwörter

Staphylococcus aureus - Methicillin-resistenter S. aureus - pyogene Infektionen

Keywords

Staphylococcus aureus - methicillin-resistant S. aureus - pyogenic infections
 

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