Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/ Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS)

Zusammenfassung

Die Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) stellt eine der häufigsten psychischen Störungen des Kindes- und Jugendalters dar. 50–80 % der Betroffenen weisen auch im Erwachsenenalter Symptome der ADHS auf, die häufig mit deutlichen Funk-tionsbeeinträchtigungen assoziiert sind. Für die Diagnostik der ADHS ist eine umfassende Exploration der störungsspezifischen Entwicklungsgeschichte einschließlich assoziierter Störungen unter Berücksichtigung unterschiedlicher Informationsquellen unerlässlich. Fragebögen, apparative und Labordiagnostik können ergänzend eingesetzt werden. Die multimodale Therapie basiert neben der obligaten Psychoedukation vor allem auf verhaltenstherapeutischen und pharmakologischen Behandlungsbausteinen. Die individuelle Indikationsstellung für therapeutische Interventionen richtet sich u. a. nach Alter, Schweregrad, Komorbidität sowie familiären, sozialen und pädagogischen Rahmenbedingungen. Vor allem bei extrem ausgeprägten Symptomen und bei gleichzeitigem Vorliegen assoziierter Störungen hat sich ab dem Schulalter die Kombination von verhaltenstherapeutischen Ansätzen und Pharmakotherapie bewährt.

Summary

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most frequent psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents. In about 50–80 % of cases the disorder persists into adulthood, frequently associated with significant functional impairments. Diagnosing ADHD requires an extensive exploration of the disorder-specific developmental history including the presence of comorbid disorders. It is necessary to assess information from several informants (e. g. parents/care givers, teachers). Questionnaires, neuropsychological testing and laboratory diagnostics can complement the exploration. Interventions for ADHD are multimodal including psychoeducation as an obligatory component, cognitive/behavioral interventions as well as pharmacological treatment options. The specific indications for individualized treatment decisions depend on age, severity of symptoms, comorbidity, as well as familial, social and educational conditions. If symptoms are severe and associated disorders are present a combination of behavioral interventions and pharmacological therapy is recommended.

Schlüsselwörter

Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung - Persistenz - „late onset“

Keywords

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder - persistence - late onset

• Literatur

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