Magnetresonanztomographische Befunde bei Patienten mit Schizophrenie

Zusammenfassung

Durch die Anwendung spezifischer Sequenzen wie der Magnetization-Transfer-Technik und der diffusionsgewichteten Bildgebung bietet die Magnetresonanztomographie die Möglichkeit, mikrostrukturelle Veränderungen im Gehirngewebe darzustellen. Während diese Untersuchungsmethoden seit langem einen festen Platz in der Routinediagnostik zur Abklärung neurologischer Erkrankungen haben, steckt ihr Einsatz in der psychiatrischen Diagnostik noch in den Anfängen. Ziel der vorliegenden Studien ist es, eine Übersicht über die aktuellen Artikel zu geben, die diese Techniken angewendet haben, um strukturelle Veränderungen des ZNS bei Patienten mit Schizophrenie nachzuweisen. Alle vorgestellten Studien berichten von Veränderungen der Integrität innerhalb der strukturellen Organisation des Gehirnparenchyms, wobei keine dieser Veränderungen typisch für den neuronalen Zelltod ist. Eine präzise Lokalisation dieser Veränderungen und definitive Aussagen darüber sind derzeit noch schwierig, da noch kein standardisiertes statistisches Auswertungsverfahren für die strukturelle Bildgebung zur Verfügung steht.

Summary

Using specific sequences such as magnetization transfer ratio and diffusion-weighted imaging, magnetic resonance tomography is capable of highlighting microstructural alterations of brain tissue. While some of these methods have long found their place in the routine evaluation of neurological syndromes, their application in psychiatric research is only recent. We report here on the studies that used these techniques to detect microstructural abnormalities in the schizophrenic syndrome. All studies report changes in the integrity of the structural organization of brain tissue, with none of the signs typically associated with neuronal death. However, the precise localization of these changes and definitive conclusions cannot be drawn due to limitations in available statistical techniques.

Schlüsselwörter

Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) - Magnetization Transfer Ratio (MTR) - fraktionierter Anisotropiekoeffizient - diffusionsgewichtete Bildgebung (DWI) - Schizophrenie

Keywords

Magnetic resonance tomography (MRT) - magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) - fractional anisotropy coefficient - diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) - schizophrenia

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