Palpation and dorsal acetabular rim radiographic view for early detection of canine hip dysplasia

B. Charette; J. Dupuis; G. Beauregard; L. Breton; J. Paré

doi:10.1055/s-0038-1632686

Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Table of Contents

Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2001; 14(03): 125-132
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1632686

Original Research

Schattauer GmbH

Palpation and dorsal acetabular rim radiographic view for early detection of canine hip dysplasia

Part 1: Standardization and measurement repeatability on six-month-old dogs

B. Charette

¹Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada

,

J. Dupuis

¹Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada

,

G. Beauregard

¹Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada

,

L. Breton

¹Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada

,

J. Paré

¹Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada

› Author Affiliations

Abstract

Summary

The objectives of this study were to standardize a palpation technique and to determine within and between examiners, the repeatability in interpreting the angle of reduction, subluxation and the acetabular slope measurements. Also it was desired to ascertain the effect of pelvis positioning on the acetabular slope measurement on sixmonth- old dogs. On palpation examination fifty-three (53) dogs had their angles of reduction and subluxation measured. A radiographic examination including a standard hip-extended view, a compression and a distraction view and a dorsal acetabular rim view were performed on each dog.

The within examiner repeatability was excellent for both the angle of reduction and subluxation (r = 0.975, p = 0.82 and r = 0.977, p = 0.81 respectively). The between examiners repeatability was good for the angle of reduction (r = 0.843, p = 0.51) but only a fair correlation was found for the angle of subluxation (r = 0.652, p = 0.83). For the acetabular slope measurement, an excellent within examiner correlation was observed (r = 0.940, p = 0.52). However, though a good correlation was found between examiners, a significant difference was found in the measurements of the three examiners (r = 0.780, p < 0.0001). The under- or overrotation position slightly changed the slope measurement but a fair correlation was still observed with the perfect position (r = 0.769, p = 0.074 and r = 0.684, p = 0.061 respectively). If the pelvis is turned to one side, a correlation was not found (r = 0.090, p = 0.847). The high repeatability of the angle of reduction measurement in six-month-old dogs suggests that it may be used by multiple examiners, with the expectation of comparable and consistent results. The modified method of the acetabular slope measurement improved the correlation, but a significant difference was still observed between examiners.

Early detection in life of canine hip dysplasia is important. The angle of reduction and the acetabular slope have been evaluated as diagnostic tools. With regard to its repeatability between examiners, the use of the angle of reduction by multiple examiners will be acceptable. The correlation between examiners in the acetabular slope measurement was good but a significant difference was present. Part two is now being analyzed.

Keywords

Hip dysplasia - young dogs - acetabular slope - angle of reduction - angle of subluxation

Full Text

References

REFERENCES
1 Adams WM, Dueland RT, Daniels R. et al. Comparison of two palpation, four radiographic and three ultrasound methods for early detection of mild to moderate canine hip dysplasia. J Vet Radiol and Ultrasound 2000; 41: 484-90.
2 Adams WM, Dueland RT, Meinen J. et al. Early detection of canine hip dysplasia: comparison of two palpation and five radiographic methods. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1998; 34: 339-47.
3 Cardinet GH, Kass PH, Wallace LJ. et al. Association between pelvic muscle mass and canine hip dysplasia. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997; 210: 1466-73.
4 Chalman JA, Butler HC. Coxofemoral joint laxity and the Ortolani sign. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1985; 21: 671-6.
5 Cook JL, Tomlinson JL, Constantinescu GM. Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of canine hip dysplasia. Comp Cont Educ Ed Pract Vet 1996; 18: 853-66.
6 Corley EA, Hogan PM. Trends in hip dysplasia control: Analysis of radiographs submitted to the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals, 1974 to 1984. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1985; 187: 805-9.
7 Corley EA, Keller GG. Hip dysplasia: A guide for dog breeders and owners. 2nd . ed. Columbia, Missouri: Orthopedic Foundation for Animals; 1994
8 Corley EA, Keller GG, Lattimer JC. et al. Reliability of early radiographic evaluations for canine hip dysplasia obtained from the standard ventrodorsal radiographic projection. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997; 211: 1142-6.
9 Daniels WW. Biostatistics: A foundation for analysis in the health sciences. 5th . ed. John Wiley and Sons, NY: 1991: 218-23 398-99, 613-21.
10 Dejardin LM, Perry RL, Arnoczky SP. sThe effect of triple pelvic osteotomy on the articular contact area of the hip joint in dysplastic dogs: an in vitro experimental study. J Vet Surgi 998; 27: 194-202.
11 Farese JP, Todhunter RJ, Lust G. et al. Dorsolateral subluxation of hip joints in dogs measured in a weight-bearing position with radiography and computed tomography. J Vet Surg 1998; 27: 393-405.
12 Hauptman J, Cardinet GH, Morgan JP. et al. Angles of inclination and anteversion in hip dysplasia in the dog. Am J Vet Res 1985; 46: 2033-6.
13 Hedhammar A, Wu F, Krook L. et al. Overnutrition and skeletal disease: an experimental study in growing Great Dane dogs. Cornell Vet 1974; 64: 1-160.
14 Henricson B, Norberg I, Olsson S-E. On the etiology and pathogenesis of hip dysplasia: a comparative review. J Sm Anim Pract 1966; 07: 673-88.
15 Martin SW, Meek AH, Willeberg P. Veterinary epidemiology: Principles and methods. Iowa State University Press, Ames; 1987: 74-5.
16 Puerto DA, Smith GK, Gregor TP. et al. Relationships between results of the Ortolani method of hip joint palpation and distraction index, Norberg angle, and hip score in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999; 214: 497-501.
17 Riser WH. Canine hip dysplasia: cause and control. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1974; 165: 360-2.
18 Riser WH. The dysplastic hip joint: its radiographic and histologic development. J Am Vet Radiol Soc 1973; 14: 35-50.
19 Slocum B, Devine TM. Dorsal acetabular rim radiographic view for evaluation of the canine hip. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1990; 26: 289-96.
20 Slocum B, Slocum TD. Hip In: Bojrab B, Ellison GW, Slocum B. Current techniques in small animal surgery. Maryland: Williams and Wilkins; 1998: 1127-65.
21 Smith GK. Advances in diagnosing canine hip dysplasia. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997; 210: 1451-7.
22 Smith GK, Biery DN, Gregor TP. New concepts of coxofemoral joint stability and the development of a clinical stress-radiographic method for quantitating hip joint laxity in the dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1990; 196: 59-70.
23 Smith GK, Gregor TP, Rhodes WH. et al. Coxofemoral joint laxity from distraction radiography and its contemporaneous and prospective correlation with laxity, subjective score, and evidence of degenerative joint disease from conventional hip-extended radiography in dogs. Am J Vet Res 1993; 54: 1021-42.
24 Todhunter RJ, Lust G, Kaderly R. Surgically induced acetabular dysplasia and hip dysplasia in growing dogs. J Vet Surg 1993; 22: 403.
25 Training manual (PennHIP), International Canine Genetic Inc. University of Pennsylvania; 1994