Yearbook of Medical Informatics, Table of Contents Yearb Med Inform 2008; 17(01): 157-164DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1638595 Original Article Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart Health and Biomedical Informatics: Opportunities and Challenges for a Twenty-First Century Profession and its Education William Hersh 1 Department of Medical Informatics & Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University Portland, OR, USA › Author Affiliations Recommend Article Abstract Full Text PDF Download Keywords KeywordsInformatics as a profession - informatics education - workforce - curriculum References References 1 Chaudhry B, Wang J, Wu S, Maglione M, Mojica W, Roth E. et al. Systematic review: impact of health information technology on quality, efficiency, and costs of medical care. Ann Intern Med 2006; 144: 742-52. 2 Garg AX, Adhikari NK, McDonald H, Rosas-Arellano MP, Devereaux PJ, Beyene J. et al. Effects of computerized clinical decision support systems on practitioner performance and patient outcomes: a systematic review. JAMA 2005; 293: 1223-38. 3 Hersh WR, Hickam DH, Severance SM, Dana TL, Krages KP, Helfand M. Diagnosis, access, and outcomes: update of a systematic review on telemedicine services. J Telemed Telecare 2006; 12 (Suppl. 02) 3-31. 4 Chantler C, Clarke T, Granger R. Information technology in the English National Health Service. JAMA 2006; 296: 2255-8. 5 Alvarez R. Wouldn’t it be Loverly? Putting the Pygmalion Effect to Work in Modernizing Health Care. Healthcare Information Management & Communications Canada April, 2007; 21 (02) 6-7 http://www.healthcareimc.com/bcovers/PDFS/Vol_XXI_2/6_Alvarez.pdf 6 Brailer DJ. The Decade of Health Information Technology: Delivering Consumer-centric and Information-Rich Health Care. Department of Health & Human Services; Washington, DC: 2004. http://www.hhs.gov/healthit/documents/hitframework.pdf. 7 Blumenthal D, Glaser JP. Information technology comes to medicine. N Engl J Med 2007; 356: 2527-34. 8 Payne PR, Johnson SB, Starren JB, Tilson HH, Dowdy D. Breaking the translational barriers: the value of integrating biomedical informatics and translational research. J Investig Med 2005; 53: 192-200. 9 Zerhouni EA. Translational research: moving discovery to practice. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2007; 81: 126-8. 10 Baxevanis AD, Ouellette BFF. Bioinformatics: A Practical Guide to the Analysis of Genes and Proteins. Third Edition. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley- Interscience; 2005 11 Poon EG, Jha AK, Christino M, Honour MM, Fernandopulle R, Middleton B. Assessing the level of healthcare information technology adoption in the United States: a snapshot. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2006; 06: 1 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6947/6/1. 12 Hersh W. Health care information technology: progress and barriers. JAMA 2004; 292: 2273-4. 13 Poon EG, Blumenthal D, Jaggi T, Honour MM, Bates DW, Kaushal R. Overcoming barriers to adopting and implementing computerized physician order entry systems in U.S. hospitals. Health Aff 2004; 23: 184-90. 14 Anonymous. Building the Work Force for Health Information Transformation. 2006. American Health Information Management Association and American Medical Informatics Association; Chicago, IL and Bethesda, MD: http://www.ahima.org/emerging_issues/Workforce_web.pdf 15 Hersh WR. Who are the informaticians? What we know and should know. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2006; 13: 166-70. 16 Perlin JB, Gelinas LS. Electronic Health Records Workgroup Recommendations. 2008. American Health Information Community; Washington, DC: http://www.hhs.gov/healthit/documents/m20080115/09-ehr_recs_ltr.html. 17 Han YY, Carcillo JA, Venkataraman ST, Clark RS, Watson RS, Nguyen TC. et al. Unexpected increased mortality after implementation of a commercially sold computerized physician order entry system. Pediatrics 2005; 116: 1506-12. 18 Phibbs CS, Milstein A, Delbanco SD, Bates DW. No proven link between CPOE and mortality. Pediatrics. 2005 http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/eletters/116/6/1506. 19 Sittig DF, Ash JS, Zhang J, Osheroff JA, Shabot MM. Lessons from “unexpected increased mortality after implementation of a commercially sold computerized physician order entry system”. Pediatrics 2006; 118: 797-801. 20 DelBeccaro MA, Jeffries HE, Eisenberg MA, Harry ED. Computerized provider order entry implementation: no association with increased mortality rates in an intensive care unit. Pediatrics 2006; 118: 290-5. 21 Longhurst C, Sharek P, Hahn J, Sullivan J, Classen D. Perceived increase in mortality after process and policy changes implemented with computerized physician order entry. Pediatrics 2006; 117: 1450-1. 22 Jacobs BR, Brilli RJ, Hart KW. Perceived increase in mortality after process and policy changes implemented with computerized physician order entry. Pediatrics 2006; 117: 1451-2. 23 Rosenbloom ST, Harrell Jr FE, Lehmann CU, Schneider JH, Spooner SA, Johnson KB. Perceived increase in mortality after process and policy changes implemented with computerized physician order entry. Pediatrics 2006; 117: 1452-5. 24 Ash JS, Stavri PZ, Dykstra R, Fournier L. Implementing computerized physician order entry: the importance of special people. Int J Med Inform 2003; 69: 235-50. 25 Versel N. Shortage of Health-IT Workers Is Limiting Progress. Digital Healthcare & Productivity. com. August 28, 2007. http://www.digitalhcp.com/hitw/newsletters/2007/08/28/imia-who/. 26 Rowland C. Hospitals’ move to e-files spurs a labor shortage, Boston Globe. Boston, MA: May 14, 2007. http://www.boston.com/business/technology/articles/2007/05/14/hospitals_move_to_e_files_spurs_a_labor_shortage/. 27 McCormack J. Short on support: Too few in health care IT work force. Am Med News. July 16, 2007. http://www.ama-assn.org/amednews/2007/07/16/bisa0716.htm. 28 Scherrer CS. Reference librarians’ perceptions of the issues they face as academic health information professionals. J Med Libr Assoc 2004; 92: 226-32. 29 Petrinic T, Urquhart C. The education and training needs of health librarians the generalist versus specialist dilemma. Health Info Libr J 2007; 24: 167-76. 30 Anonymous. A Vision of the e-HIM Future. American Health Information Management Association; Chicago, IL: 2003. http://library.ahima.org/xpedio/groups/public/documents/ahima/bok1_020477.pdf. 31 Leep C, Brown C, Long A. Research Brief: Putting Training on Track. Public Health Informatics Institute; Decatur, GA: 2004. http://www.phii.org/resources/doc/Training.pdf. 32 Monegain B. Healthcare IT: is it a breed apart?, Healthcare IT News. September, 2004. 4. http://www.healthcareitnews.com/story.cms?id=1522. 33 Sable JH, Hales JW, Bopp KD. Medical informatics in healthcare organizations: a survey of healthcare information managers. Proceedings of the AMIA 2000 Annual Symposium. 2000. Los Angeles, CA: Hanley & Belfus; 745-8. 34 Eyster KM. Career counseling: 101+ things you can do with a degree in biology. Adv Physiol Educ 2007; 31: 323-8. 35 Roberts J. Developing health informatics as a recognised professional domain supporting clinical and health management activity. World Hosp Health Serv 2006; 42 (04) 38-40. 36 Joyub R. The Professionalisation of Health Informatics in the United Kingdom. UK Health Informatics Today. Spring 2004; 42: 1-24 http://www.bmis.org/ebmit/2004_42_spring.pdf. 37 Anonymous. Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) User Guide. US Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics; Washington, DC: 2004. http://www.bls.gov/soc/socguide.htm. 38 Arbuckle DR. Standard Occupational Classification Revision for 2010; Notice. Federal Register; Washington, DC: 2006: 28536-28538 http://www.bls.gov/soc/soc_may06.pdf. 39 DalPoz MR. et al. Counting health workers: definitions, data, methods and global results, in Background Paper for the World Health Report 2006. World Health Organization; Geneva, Switzerland: 2006. http://www.who.int/hrh/documents/counting_health_workers.pdf. 40 Hersher BS, Hodges LB. Career Success in Healthcare Information Technology. Chicago, IL: Healthcare Information Management Systems Society; 2004 41 Eardley T. NHS Informatics Workforce Survey. ASSIST; London, England: 2006. http://www.bcs.org/upload/pdf/finalreport_20061120102537.pdf. 42 Gabler J. 2003 Integrated Delivery System IT Budget and Staffing Study Results. Gartner Corp; Stamford, CT: 2003 43 Wing P. et al. Data for Decisions: the HIM Workforce and Workplace 2002 Member Survey. 2003. American Health Information Management Association; Chicago, IL: http://library.ahima.org/xpedio/groups/public/documents/ahima/bok1_018947.pdf. 44 Dohm A, Shniper L. Occupational employment projections to 2016. Monthly Labor Review 2007; 130 (11) 87-125 http://www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2007/11/art5full.pdf. 45 Turner B, Nelson J. Oregon Health Care Workforce Needs Assessment 2006. WorkSource Oregon Employment Department; Salem, OR: 2006. http://www.qualityinfo.org/pubs/single/healthcare.pdf. 46 Anonymous. Nationwide Health Information Network (NHIN) Workforce Study. Altarum Institute; Ann Arbor, MI: 2007. http://aspe.hhs.gov/sp/reports/2007/NHIN/NHINReport.pdf. 47 Anonymous. 2006 HIMSS Compensation Survey. Healthcare Information Management Systems Society; Chicago, IL: 2007. http://www.himss.org/surveys/compensation/docs/CompensationSurvey2006.pdf. 48 Marietti C, Kirby J, Bennet S. What Are Healthcare IT Professionals Worth?. A Look at Healthcare IT Salaries. Healthcare Informatics; New York, NY: 2007 49 Anonymous. 2006 Salary Study. American Health Information Management Association; Chicago, IL: 2006. http://www.ahima.org/membership/member_profile_data.asp. 50 Knaup P, Frey W, Haux R, Leven FJ. Medical informatics specialists: what are their job profiles? Results of a study on the first 1024 medical informatics graduates of the Universities of Heidelberg and Heilbronn. Methods Inf Med 2003; 42: 578-87. 51 Covvey HD, Zitner D, Bernstein R. Pointing the Way: Competencies and Curricula in Health Informatics. University of Waterloo; Waterloo, Ontario, Canada: 2001. http://www.cs.uwaterloo.ca/health_info/health_docs/CurriculaMASTERDocumentVersion1Final.zip. 52 Hoffmann S, Ash J. A survey of academic and industry professionals regarding the preferred skillset of graduates of medical informatics programs. MEDINFO 2001 Proceedings of the Tenth World Congress on Medical Informatics. London, England: IOS Press; 2001: 1028-32. 53 Patton GA, Gardner RM. Medical informatics education: the University of Utah experience. J Am Med Inform Assoc 1999; 06: 457-65. 54 Safran C, Detmer DE. Computerized physician order entry systems and medication errors. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2005; 294: 179. 55 Conn J. In IT, it pays to think big survey puts metrics to medical informatics. Modern Physician 07: 18-9. 56 Leviss J, Kremsdorf R, Mohaideen MF. The CMIO a new leader for health systems. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2006; 13: 573-8. 57 Shaffer V, Lovelock J. Results of the 2006 Gartner- AMDIS Survey of CMIOs: Bridging Healthcare’s Transforming Waters. Gartner; Stamford, CT: 2007. http://www.gartner.com/DisplayDocument?ref=g_search&id=504632. 58 Hersher B. The essential skills for the Chief Medical Information Officer. Journal of Healthcare Information Management 2003; 17 (01) 10-1. 59 Anonymous. Crossing the Quality Chasm: A New Health System for the 21st Century. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 2001 60 Greiner AC, Knebel E. editors. Health Professions Education: A Bridge to Quality. National Academy Press; Washington, DC: 2003 61 Huang QR. Competencies for graduate curricula in health, medical and biomedical informatics: a framework. Health Informatics J 2007; 13: 89-103. 62 Hersh W, Williamson J. Educating 10,000 informaticians by 2010: the AMIA 10×10 program. Int J Med Inform 2007; 76: 377-82. 63 Nemko M. Ahead-of-the-Curve Careers, US News & World Report. December 19, 2007. http://www.usnews.com/articles/business/best-careers/2007/12/19/ahead-of-the-curve-careers.html.